Figure 1. Mixing protocol for concrete mixture
Figure 2. Specimen set-ups
Figure 3. Temperature history with age (OPC 100%)
Figure 4. Temperature history with age (OPC:FA:BS=65:15:20%)
Figure 5. Brightness with elapsed time (OPC 100 %)
Figure 6. Brightness with elapsed time (OPC:FA:BS=65:15:20 %)
Figure 7. Depth of early frost damage with thickness
Table 1. Experimental plan
Table 2. Mixture proportions of concrete
Table 3. Physical properties of cement
Table 4. Physical and chemical properties of FA
Table 5. Physical and chemical properties of BS
Table 6. Physical properties of aggregate
Table 7. Experimental method
Table 8. Fundamental characteristics of concrete
Table 9. Variations of colors of core specimen between damage part and sound part
References
- Han. MC, Han CG. Giongwa Concrete [Temperature and Concrete]. 1st ed. Seoul(Korea): Kimoondang; 2002. p. 64-72.
- Han MC, Lee JS. Determination of the cold weather concreting period and early frost damage risk using climate data of korea. Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction. 2017 Fed;17(1):73-82. https://doi.org/10.5345/JKIBC.2017.17.1.073
- Park JH, Ki KK. Fundamental properties of alumina cement mortar by insulation curing method under low temperature. Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction. 2017 Oct;17(5):419-27. https://doi.org/10.5345/JKIBC.2017.17.5.419
- Pae SW. A study of influencing factors on compressive strength of concrete frozen at early ages. Journal of Korea Concrete Institute. 2003 Nov;15(2):527-32.
- Lee JH. Investigation on the minimum compressive strength to prevent early frost damage from the viewpoint of durability. Journal of Korea Concrete Institute. 2013 May;25(1):87-8.
- Kim DG. Influence on the Depth of Concrete Early Frost Damage and Depth Determination with Change of Low Temperature Condition [master's thesis]. [Cheong-ju (Korea)]: Cheong-ju University; 2018. 79 p.
- Kim MH. Geonchukjaeryohak. Seoul(Korea): Munundang; 2006. p. 291-5.