Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회지)

Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Estimating Willingness to Pay for Biodiversity Conservation in Mt. Jiri: Focusing on Visitors to Mt. Jiri

지리산의 생물다양성 보전에 대한 지불의사 추정: 지리산 방문객을 대상으로

  • Park, So-Hee (Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • YOUN, Yeo-Chang (Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University)
  • Received : 2018.10.25
  • Accepted : 2019.01.11
  • Published : 2019.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

While the expansion of protected areas in accordance with Korea's National Biodiversity Strategy contributions to the conservation of biological diversity, it incurs economic losses and poses threats to the livelihoods of local residents. Payment for ecosystem services (PES) compensates local residents for their economic damages in a sustainable manner. To assess feasibility of PES, there is a need to estimate the general public's benefits from biodiversity conservation in protected areas. This study attempted to estimate visitors' willingness to pay (WTP) for biodiversity conservation in Mt. Jiri using the contingent valuation method (CVM). The WTP of respondents for the expansion of protected areas to increase biodiversity conservation was estimated at 16,103 KRW per household per year and this equates to a total of 316.8 billion KRW for all the households in Korea. The higher a respondent's age, education level and household income level, the more willing he or she is to pay for biodiversity conservation. Likewise, respondents who are aware of Mt. Jiri's designation as an Ecosystem and Landscape Conservation Area are more willing to pay for biodiversity conservation. Moreover, the higher the importance placed on biodiversity conservation policy, the higher the willingness to pay for biodiversity conservation. To enhance the feasibility of PES schemes, it is necessary to improve the general public's knowledge and awareness of biodiversity by providing opportunities for education and more information on biodiversity and biodiversity policies.

국가 생물다양성 전략에 따른 보호지역의 확대는 생물다양성 보전에 기여하는 반면에 지역주민들에게 다양한 경제적 피해를 발생시킨다. 이에 보호지역 지정으로 인한 지역주민의 피해를 보상할 수 있는 지속가능한 방안으로서 생태계서비스지불제의 필요성이 제기되었다. 이 연구에서는 보호지역의 확대를 통한 생물다양성 보전으로부터 국민들이 얻는 편익을 추정하여 생태계서비스지불제의 시행가능성을 검토하기 위해 지리산 방문객을 대상으로 CVM을 이용하여 지리산의 생물다양성 보전에 대한 지불의사액을 추정하였다. 방문객들은 생태경관보전지역을 확대하여 지리산의 생물다양성을 증진시키는 데 연간 가구당 16,103원의 지불의사가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 이를 전체 가구로 확대한 지리산 생물다양성의 총 보전가치는 연간 3,168억 원으로 추정되었다. 방문객들은 연령, 교육수준, 가구소득이 높을수록, 지리산이 생태경관보전지역으로 지정되어 있다는 사실을 사전에 인지한 경우, 생물다양성 보전 정책이 중요하다고 생각할수록 생물다양성 보전에 대한 지불의사가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 생태계서비스지불제의 시행가능성을 높이기 위해서는 생물다양성 교육과 정책 홍보를 통해 국민들의 생물다양성에 대한 지식과 인식을 높이는 것이 필요하다.

Keywords

HOMHBJ_2019_v108n1_77_f0001.png 이미지

Figure 1. Concept of payment for ecosystem services (PES).

Table 1. Definition and value of independent variables.

HOMHBJ_2019_v108n1_77_t0001.png 이미지

Table 2. Characteristics of respondents.

HOMHBJ_2019_v108n1_77_t0002.png 이미지

Table 3. Distribution of responses for each bid amount.

HOMHBJ_2019_v108n1_77_t0003.png 이미지

Table 4. Estimation result of probability function for respondents’ WTP for biodiversity conservation in Mt.Jiri.

HOMHBJ_2019_v108n1_77_t0004.png 이미지

Table 5. Total biodiversity conservation value in Mt.Jiri.

HOMHBJ_2019_v108n1_77_t0005.png 이미지

References

  1. Ahn, S.E., Kim, G.E., Rho, P.H. and Kwon, Y.H. 2015. Development and application of integrated measurement system to assess freshwater ecosystem services in Korea (2). Korea Environment Institute. Sejong, Korea. pp. 171.
  2. Barton, D.N., Faith, D.P., Rusch, G.M., Acevedo, H., Paniagua, L. and Castro, M. 2009. Environmental service payments: Evaluating biodiversity conservation trade-offs and costefficiency in the Osa Conservation Area, Costa Rica. Journal of Environmental Management 90(2): 901-911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.02.010
  3. Chun, J.K. and Chun, J.N. 2015. PES based on DMZ in Korea. Linking ecosystem services to livelihood of local communities, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
  4. Greiner, R. and Stanley, O. 2013. More than money for conservation: Exploring social co-benefits from PES schemes. Land Use Policy 31: 4-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.11.012
  5. Han, S.Y., Kim, T.K. and Choi, K. 2000. Measuring preservation value for endangered wildlife in Korea. Korean Journal of Agricultural Economics 41(4): 17-31.
  6. Han, S.Y. 2008. Measuring economic value for endangered Korean Goral. Journal of Korean Forest Society 97(5): 525-529.
  7. Hong, S.M. 2008. A study on the multiple conflicts and consensus building for conserving Baikdudaegan. The Korea Local Administration Review 22(4): 165-191.
  8. Jeong, H.S. 2017. Opportunity cost of protected area designation for conservation of terrestrial ecosystem. (Dissertation). Seoul. Seoul National University.
  9. Jeong, H.S., Lee, C.H. and Kim, M.M. 2005. Environmental conflicts and its political issues. Korean Women's Development Institute. Seoul, Korea. pp. 369.
  10. Kim, C.O. 2002. Estimating the conservation value of national tourist resource using CVM: Case of Chiaksan National Park. (Dissertation). Chuncheon. Kangwon National University.
  11. Kim, D.H. and Jung, J.C. 2011. The evaluation of land use regulation policy in water conservation zone: Focused on the case of Hanam city. The Korea Local Administration Review 25(3): 383-402.
  12. Kim, J.E. 2007. Estimating non-market value of preservation of Otters' habitats in Cheongju and Cheongwon. (Dissertation). Cheongju. Chungbuk National University.
  13. Kim, M.K. 2014. Predicting pro-environmental behavior: A cross-national analysis. (Dissertation). Seoul. Sungkyunkwan University.
  14. Koo, J., Choi, H.S., Park, S.H. and Cho, K.R. 2007. Opportunity cost and economic impact of Paldang-Area regulation. Korean Policy Studies Review 16(3): 115-146.
  15. Korea National Park Service. 2003. 1st Jirisan national park management plan. Korea National Park Service Jirisan office. Sancheong, Korea. pp. 420.
  16. Korea National Park Service. 2018a. 2017 Budget execution report.
  17. Korea National Park Service. 2018b. Statistics of national park in 2018. http://www.knps.or.kr/front/portal/stats/statsDtl.do?menuNo=7070020&refId=REFM000368&page=1&searchAllValue=. (2018. 10. 10.).
  18. Kwon, O.S. 2011. Environmental economics. 2nd Ed. Pakyoungsa. Seoul, Korea. pp. 768.
  19. Kwon, Y.J., Paik, S.K. and Yoo, S.H. 2013. Measuring the conservation value of spotted seal in Korea. Ocean Policy Research 28(2): 41-70. https://doi.org/10.35372/KMIOPR.2013.28.2.002
  20. Kwon, Y.J., Park, S.H. and Yoo, S.H. 2014. Measuring the conservation value of Munseom area in Jeju Island, Korea. The Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy conference proceeding: 70-79.
  21. Lee, H.C. 2002. Valuing the Nightheron resource- The dichotomous choice contingent valuation method approach. Journal of Tourism Sciences 25(4): 127-142.
  22. Lim, S.Y., Lee, C.S., Kim, M.S. and Yoo, S.H. 2015. The conservation value of endagered marine species: The case of the Ellobium Chinense. Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety 21(6): 645-654. https://doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2015.21.6.645
  23. Lockie, S. 2013. Market instruments, ecosystem services, and property rights: Assumptions and conditions for sustained social and ecological benefits. Land Use Policy 31: 90-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.08.010
  24. Ministry of Economy and Finance et al. 2014. 3rd National biodiversity strategy. Seoul, Korea. pp. 125.
  25. Ministry of Environment. 2017a. Annual damages caused by wildlife. http://www.me.go.kr/home/web/policy_data/read.do?pagerOffset=0&maxPageItems=10&maxIndexPages=10&searchKey=title&searchValue=%EC%95%BC%EC%83%9D%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%BC&menuId=10261&orgCd=&condition.deleteYn=N&seq=7009. (2018. 10. 10).
  26. Ministry of Environment. 2017b. Budget and fund operation plan in 2018. http://www.me.go.kr/home/web/board/read.do?pagerOffset=0&maxPageItems=10&maxIndexPages=10&searchKey=&searchValue=&menuId=10127&orgCd=&boardId=841540&boardMasterId=41&boardCategoryId=&decorator=. (2018. 10. 10).
  27. Miranda, M., Dieperink, C. and Glasbergen, P. 2006. Costa rican environmental service payments: The use of a financial instrument in participatory forest management. Environmental Management 38(4): 562-571. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-3032-4
  28. National Institute of Forest Science. 2017. 2016 BDMS of Korea field survey report on forest resources: Mr.Seorak range. National Institute of Forest Science. Seoul, Korea. pp. 220.
  29. Park, D.B., Lee, M.S. and Chae, J.H. 2008. Two case studies on wild animals damage and its countermeasure. Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development 15(1): 113-144.
  30. Park, J.M. 2002. Social conflicts over zoning policy and social impact assessment-With a special reference to the basin of Dong-river. ECO: 181-214.
  31. Park, S.H. 2016. Study on compensating villagers for cost of wildlife conservation in villages nearby protected areas. (Dissertation). Seoul. Seoul National University.
  32. Perrings, C., Duraiappah, A., Larigauderie A. and Mooney, H. 2011. The biodiversity and ecosystem services science-policy interface. Science 331(6021): 1139-1140. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1202400
  33. Pirard, R. 2012. Market-based instruments for biodiversity and ecosystem services: A lexicon. Environmental Science & Policy 19-20: 59-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2012.02.001
  34. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD). 2014. Global biodiversity outlook 4. Montreal, Canada. pp. 155.
  35. Sim, K.W., Kwon, H.G. and Lee, S.H. 2013. A study on economic value of national park based on contingent valuation methods- Case of 20 national parks. The Journal of Korean Institute of Forest Recreation 17(4): 33-40. https://doi.org/10.34272/FOREST.2013.17.4.004
  36. Wunder, S. 2005. Payments for environmental services: some nuts and bolts. CIFOR. Jakarta, Indonesia. pp. 25.
  37. Yeo, J.H. and Bang, S.W. 2007. Analysis of professionals' willingness to pay about the KumKang pine tree stock in Ul-Jin. The Journal of Korean Institute of Forest Recreation 11(2): 11-23.
  38. Yeo, J.H. and Jang, W.W. 2007. Estimation of the biodiversity conservation value about the Heory stock in Sun-Cheon. Journal of Korean Forest Society 96(4): 483-493.
  39. Yoo, J.C. and Kim, J.E. 2008. Using one and one-half bounded dichotomous choice contingent valuation methods to estimate non-market value of Otters in Cheongju, Cheongwon Area. Environmental and Resource Economics Review 17(2): 349-379.
  40. Yoon, S.I. 2007. Crops loss survey by wildlife in national parks of Korea. The Korean Journal of Environment Biology 25(3): 223-227.
  41. Yoon, I.J. 2013. A legal issue on biodiversity conservation in Korea. Sogang Law Review 2(1): 91-125. https://doi.org/10.35505/slj.2013.02.2.1.91
  42. Youn, Y.C. 1995. Valuation for environmental preservation function of forest. Journal of Korean Resource Economics 5(1): 137-164.
  43. Youn, Y.C. and Jang, H.C. 1994. Estimating the conservation value of White-bellied Woodpecker in Gwangneung forest. Environmental and Resource Economics Review 3(1): 87-105.
  44. Zheng, H., Robinson, B.E., Liang, Y.C., Polasky, S., Ma, D.C., Wang, F.C., Ruckelshaus, M., Ouyang Z.Y. and Daily G.C. 2013. Benefits, costs, and livelihood implications of a regional payment for ecosystem service program. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110(41): 16681-16686. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1312324110