Evaluation of Formaldehyde Emission from Wood-Based Panels Using Accelerated Collection Method

가속 포집방법을 이용한 목질보드류의 폼알데하이드 방출량 평가

Abstract

This study aimed at developing an accelerated collection method that reduces measurement and collection time by improving and complementing the desiccator method, which is mainly used for quality control in wood-based panels and furniture production sites. First, this study measured the formaldehyde emissions from the wood-based panels by grade using the desiccator method. Further, this study compared the desiccator method with the developed process and analyzed the correlation in optimal temperature, time, and exposed area. The results showed that the developed process resulted in relatively similar outcomes in comparison to the desiccator method when the temperature was $100^{\circ}C$, the time was 1 h, and two specimens were used, at which the correlation was high. To verify the developed process, this study commissioned Korea Conformity Laboratories with the standardized temperature, time, and the number of specimens to compare them with the specimen that was not used in the actual test. As a result, the correlation to the desiccator method was shown to be very high. However, the formaldehyde emission measured by the accelerated collection process was mostly higher than that measured by the desiccator method. The formaldehyde emission grades from several specimens were one level higher. However, from the perspectives of quality control, it was determined that the accelerated collection method developed in this study could be sufficiently used.

본 연구는 목질보드류 및 가구 생산 현장에서 주로 품질 관리를 위해 사용되는 데시케이터 방법을 개선 및 보완함으로써 측정 및 포집 시간을 단축하는 가속 포집 공정을 개발하기 위해 수행되었다. 먼저 등급별 목질 보드류에 대해 데시케이터 방법에 의한 포름알데히드를 측정하였다. 이어 개발된 공정을 가지고 데시케이터 방법과 비교하였을 때 최적 온도와 시간, 노출면적 등을 선정하여 시험한 후 그 상관성을 분석하였다. 그 결과 온도는 $100^{\circ}C$, 시간은 1시간, 시편은 2개일 때 데시케이터 방법과 비교적 유사한 결과값을 나타내었으며 그 상관성도 높은 것으로 나타났다. 개발된 시험 공정을 검증하기 위해서 설정된 표준화된 온도 및 시간, 시편의 매수를 가지고 Korea Conformity Laboratories (KCL)에 의뢰되어 실제 시험에 쓰이지 않았던 시료를 가지고 비교하였다. 그 결과 데시케이터 방법과의 상관성은 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 가속 포집 공정에서의 포름알데히드 방출량 결과값은 데시케이터 방법보다 대부분 높게 나타났다. 몇 개 시료의 포름알데히드 방출 등급은 한단계 더 높게 나타나는 경우도 있었다. 하지만 품질관리의 관점에서는 본 연구에서 설계된 가속 포집 공정 방법에 의해 충분히 적용될 수 있다고 판단되었다.

Fig. 1. Mimetic diagram of accelerated formaldehyde collection process system (Samheung energy Co., Korea).

Fig. 2. Actual device of accelerated formaldehyde collection process system.

Fig. 3. Average level of formaldehyde emissions by grade in desiccator method.

Fig. 4. Formaldehyde emissions per hour by acceleratedcollection method of medium density fiberboards(MDF) 4.5 mm at 100 °C.

Fig. 5. Correlation of accelerated collection method with desiccator method from MDF (R²=0.8936).

Fig. 6. Correlation of accelerated collection method with desiccator method from particle boards (PB) (R²=0.8872).

Fig. 7. Comparison of formaldehyde emission accord-ing to exposed area in accelerated collection method for 1 h from MDF (4.5 mm).

Fig. 8. Comparison of formaldehyde emission accord-ing to exposed area in accelerated collection method for 1 h from PB (18 mm).

Fig. 9. Comparison of formaldehyde emission accord-ing to exposed area in accelerated collection method for 2 h from MDF (4.5 mm).

Fig. 10. Comparison of formaldehyde emission accord-ing to exposed area in accelerated collection method for 2 h from PB (18 mm).

Fig. 11. Correlation of accelerated collection method of MDF (163 cm²×2) for 1h withdesiccator method (R²=0.8988).

Fig. 12. Correlation of accelerated collection method of PB (163 cm²×2) for 1 h with desiccator method (R²=0.8921).

Fig. 13. Correlation of accelerated collection method with desiccator method (R²=0.8971).

Fig. 14. Comparison of desiccator method and accel-erated collection method for 10 materials.

Table 1. Physical properties of medium density fiberboards (MDF) & particle boards (PB).