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The Korean Society of Oceanography (한국해양학회)
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Monthly HPLC Measurements of Pigments from an Intertidal Sediment of Geunso Bay Highlighting Variations of Biomass, Community Composition and Photo-physiology of Microphytobenthos

HPLC를 이용한 근소만 조간대 퇴적물내의 저서미세조류 현존량, 군집 및 광생리의 월 변화 분석

  • KIM, EUN YOUNG (Department of Convergence Studies on Ocean Science and Technology, School of Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University) ;
  • AN, SUNG MIN (Marine Ecosystem and Biological Research Center, KIOST) ;
  • CHOI, DONG HAN (Department of Convergence Studies on Ocean Science and Technology, School of Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University) ;
  • LEE, HOWON (Marine Ecosystem and Biological Research Center, KIOST) ;
  • NOH, JAE HOON (Department of Convergence Studies on Ocean Science and Technology, School of Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University)
  • 김은영 (한국해양대학교 해양과학기술전문대학원 해양과학기술융합학과) ;
  • 안성민 (한국해양과학기술원 해양생태연구센터) ;
  • 최동한 (한국해양대학교 해양과학기술전문대학원 해양과학기술융합학과) ;
  • 이호원 (한국해양과학기술원 해양생태연구센터) ;
  • 노재훈 (한국해양대학교 해양과학기술전문대학원 해양과학기술융합학과)
  • Received : 2018.11.05
  • Accepted : 2018.12.06
  • Published : 2019.02.28
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Abstract

In this study, the surveys were carried out from October (2016) to October (2017) along the tidal flat of Geunso Bay, Taean Peninsula of the western edge of Korea. The sampling trips were carried out for a total of 16 times, once or twice a month. In order to investigate the monthly variation of the microphytobenthos (MPB) biomass, community composition and photo-physiology were analyzed by HPLC (High performance liquid chromatography). The total chlorophyll a (TChl a) concentrations used as an indicator of biomass of MPB in the upper 1 cm sediment layer ranged from 40.4 to $218.9mg\;m^{-2}$ throughout the sampling period. TChl a concentrations showed the maximum level on $24^{th}$ of February and remained high throughout March after which it started to declined. The biomass of MPB showed high values in winter and low values in summer. The monthly variations of Phaeophorbide a concentrations suggested that the low grazing intensity of the predator in the winter may have partly attributed to the MPB winter blooming. As a result of monthly variations of the MPB community composition using the major marker pigments, the concentrations of fucoxanthin, the marker pigment of benthic diatoms, were the highest throughout the year. The concentrations of most of the marker pigments except for chlorophyll b (chlorophytes) and peridinin (dinoflagellates) increased in winter. However, the concentrations of fucoxanthin increased the highest, and the relative ratios of the major marker pigments to TChl a except fucoxanthin decreased during the same period. The vertical distribution of Chl a and oxygen concentrations in the sediments using a fluorometer and an oxygen micro-optode Chl a concentrations decreased with oxygen concentrations with increasing depth of the sediment layers. Moreover, this tendency became more apparent in winter. The Chl a was uniformly vertical down to 12 mm from May to July, but the oxygen concentration distribution in May decreased sharply below 1 mm. The increase in phaeophorbide a concentration observed at this time is likely to be caused by increased oxygen consumption of zoobenthic grazing activities. This could be presumed that MPB cells are transported downward by bioturbation of zoobenthos. The relative ratios (DT/(DD+DT)) obtained with diadinoxanthin (DD) and diatoxanthin (DT), which are often used as indicators of photo-adaptation of MPB, decreased from October to March and increased in May. This indicated that there were monthly differences in activity of Xanthophyll cycle as well.

본 연구에서는 태안반도 근소만 갯벌에서 저서미세조류(MPB)의 현존량, 군집조성 및 광생리의 월변화에 대해 알아보기 위하여 2016년 10월부터 2017년 10월까지 월 1~2회씩 총 16회에 걸쳐 갯벌 표층에 분포하는 저서미세조류 색소를 HPLC (High performance liquid chromatography)를 이용 분석하였다. 갯벌 표층 1 cm 깊이에 분포하는 저서미세조류의 광합성 색소 중 현존량의 지표로 사용되는 총 chlorophyll a (TChl a) 농도는 연중 40.4~218.9 mg m-2의 범위를 보였다. 2월 24일에 최대값이 나타났고 3월에도 높은 값을 보인 뒤 이후 감소하였다. 저서미세조류의 현존량은 동계에 높고 하계에 낮은 값을 나타냈다. Phaeophorbide a 농도의 월별 변동을 통해 동계에 상위 포식자의 낮은 포식압이 저서미세조류 동계번성에 일부 기여한 것으로 사료된다. 또한 주요지시색소를 이용한 저서미세조류 군집조성의 분석결과 저서규조류의 지시색소인 fucoxanthin의 농도가 연중 가장 높게 나타났다. Chlorophyll b(녹조류), peridinin(와편모조류)을 제외한 대부분의 지시색소의 농도는 동계에 증가하였으나, fucoxanthin의 농도 증가율이 가장 높아 fucoxanthin을 제외한 TChl a에 대한 주요지시색소의 상대비는 동계에 감소하는 경향이 있었다. 형광광도계와 산소미세전극을 이용하여 측정한 퇴적물 내 Chl a와 산소 농도의 연직분포 특성은 퇴적층 표면에서 깊이가 깊어질수록 Chl a 값과 산소 농도가 함께 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 동계로 갈수록 이런 경향이 더욱 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 하지만 5~7월의 Chl a 농도는 다른 기간에 비해 12 mm까지 연직으로 유사하게 나타났으나, 5월의 산소 농도 분포는 1 mm 이하에서 급격하게 감소하였다. 같은 시기에 phaeophorbide a 농도가 증가하는 것으로 보아 저서동물의 포식활동에 의한 산소 소비량이 증가하였을 가능성이 있으며, 저서동물의 생물교란에 의해 저서미세조류의 세포가 아래로 옮겨진 것으로 추측된다. 한편, 저서미세조류의 광적응의 지표로 사용되는 diadinoxanthin (DD)과 diatoxanthin (DT)로 얻은 상대적인 비(DT/(DD+DT))는 10월에서 3월로 갈수록 감소하며, 5월에는 증가하는 것으로 볼 때, 월별로 Xanthophyll cycle의 활성 정도에 차이가 있었음을 알 수 있었다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Location of tidal flat at the Geunso Bay and sampling site (red point).

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Fig. 2. Monthly variation of the total chlorophyll a and phaeophorbide a concentrations from Oct. 2016 to Oct. 2017 in Geunso Bay tidal flat.

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Fig. 3. Monthly variation of marker pigments concentrations from Oct. 2016 to Oct. 2017 in Geunso Bay tidal flat.

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Fig. 4. Monthly variation of ratios of marker pigments to total chlorophyll a from Oct. 2016 to Oct. 2017 in Geunso Bay tidal flat.

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Fig. 5. Monthly variation of vertical chlorophyll a contents profile from Oct. 2016 to Oct. 2017 in Geunso Bay tidal flat.

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Fig. 6. Oxygen profiles obtained from Geunso Bay tidal flat.

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Fig. 7. Monthly variation of DT/(DD+DT) relative ratios from Oct. 2016 to Oct. 2017 in Geunso Bay tidal flat. Abbreviations: DD=diadinoxanthin; DT=diatoxanthin.

Table 1. HPLC column and solvent system (Zapata et al., 2000)

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Table 2. List of sediment chlorophyll contents (modified from MacIntyre et al.(1996)). The number displayed in the duration column indicates the number of months measured, and the survey was conducted once a month. The contents in brackets in the chlorophyll a content column mean the average value of chlorophyll a content

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Table. 3. The Average concentration of phytosynthetic pigments analyzed by HPLC and The ratio of accessory pigments to total chlorophyll a in Geunso Bay tidal flat

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