Journal of Navigation and Port Research (한국항해항만학회지)

Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research (한국항해항만학회)
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A Study on Backup PNT Service for Korean Maritime Using NDGNSS

NDGNSS 인프라를 활용한 국내 해상 백업 PNT 서비스 연구

  • Han, Young-Hoon (Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering) ;
  • Lee, Sang-Heon (Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering) ;
  • Park, Sul-Gee (Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering) ;
  • Fang, Tae-Hyun (Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering) ;
  • Park, Sang-Hyun (Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering)
  • 한영훈 (한국해양과학기술원 부설 선박해양플랜트연구소) ;
  • 이상헌 (한국해양과학기술원 부설 선박해양플랜트연구소) ;
  • 박슬기 (한국해양과학기술원 부설 선박해양플랜트연구소) ;
  • 황태현 (한국해양과학기술원 부설 선박해양플랜트연구소) ;
  • 박상현 (한국해양과학기술원 부설 선박해양플랜트연구소)
  • Received : 2019.01.23
  • Accepted : 2019.02.22
  • Published : 2019.02.28
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Abstract

The significance of PNT information in the fourth industrial revolution is viewed differently in relation to the past. Autonomous vehicles, autonomous vessels, smart grids, and national infrastructure require sustainable and reliable services in addition to their high precision service. Satellite navigation system, which is the most representative system for providing PNT information, receive signals from satellites outside the earth so signal reception power is low and signal structures for civilian use are open to the public. Therefore, it is vulnerable to intentional and unintentional interference or hacking. Satellite navigation systems, which can easily acquire high performance of PNT information at low cost, require alternatives due to its vulnerability to the hacking. This paper proposed R-Mode (Ranging Mode) technology that utilizes currently operated navigation and communication infrastructure in terms of Signals of OPportunity (SoOP). For this, the Nationwide Differential Global Navigation Satellite System (NDGNSS), which currently gives a service of Medium Frequency (MF) navigation signal broadcasting, was used to validate the feasibility of a backup infrastructure in domestic maritime areas through simulation analysis.

4차 산업혁명 사회에서의 PNT(Position, Navigation, and Timing) 정보의 중요성은 과거와는 또 다른 의미를 가진다. 자율 주행차, 자율 운항선박, 스마트그리드 그리고 국가 주요 기간시설에서는 PNT 정보의 고정확성 이외에도 지속가능하고, 신뢰할만한 서비스를 요구하고 있다. PNT 정보를 제공하는 가장 대표적인 시스템인 위성항법시스템은 지구 대기 밖 위성으로부터 신호를 수신하므로 수신 신호전력이 낮고, 민간신호의 경우 신호구조가 공개되어 있다. 따라서 비의도적 또는 의도적인 간섭이나 해킹에 취약하다. 사용자 관점에서 적은 비용으로 높은 성능의 PNT 정보를 쉽게 획득할 수 있는 위성항법시스템은 해킹의 취약성 때문에 이에 대한 보완이 요구된다. 이에 따라 응용분야 별로 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있으며, 본 논문에서는 기회신호 측면에서 현재 구축, 운영 중인 해상항법 및 통신 인프라를 활용한 R-Mode(Ranging Mode) 기술에 대해 다룬다. 이를 위하여 현재 전국망의 중파 비컨 기반 보강정보를서비스하고 있는 NDGNSS(Nationwide Differential Global Navigation Satellite System) 인프라에 대해 알아보고, 시뮬레이션을 통하여 국내 해상분야에서의 백업 PNT 기술로서의 가능성을 확인한다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1 Predicted coverage accuracy using AIS, MF DGNSS, and eLoran R-Mode from ACCSEAS Source : Feasibility Study of R-Mode, Johnson et al., 2014

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Fig. 2 AIS R-Mode positioning errors in China Source : Development of an AAPS, Hu et al., 2015

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Fig. 3 Maritime NDGPS site and coverage in South Korea

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Fig. 4 HDOP for the maritime NDGNSS sites in Korea

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Fig. 5 HDOP for the maritime NDGNSS combined Loran-C sites in Korea

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Fig. 6 Accuracy from MF R-Mode with eLoran (weak signal environment)

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Fig. 7 Accuracy from MF R-Mode with eLoran (typical signal environment)

Table 1 The coordinates of Loran-C transmitter stations in Korea

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Table 2 Maritime NDGNSS stations’ coordinates in Korea

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Table 3 IALA requirement for a backup system for a general navigation

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