Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing (대한간호학회지)

Korean Society of Nursing Science (한국간호과학회)
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The Longitudinal Relationships between Depression and Smoking in Hardcore Smokers Using Autoregressive Cross-Lagged Modeling

  • Han, Jeong Won (College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Lee, Hanna (Department of Nursing, Changwon National University)
  • Received : 2018.08.30
  • Accepted : 2019.01.08
  • Published : 2019.02.28
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Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the directionality of the causal relationship and interaction between depression and amount of smoking over time in hardcore smokers using longitudinal descriptive analysis. Methods: Secondary data from the Korean Welfare Panel Study were analyzed using autoregressive cross-lagged modeling. Participants included 342 hardcore smokers who participated in the 8th to 11th waves of the panel study. Results: Analyses revealed that change(s) in depression levels according to time had a significant positive relationship with the total amount of smoking per day (${\beta}=.29$, ${\beta}=.19$, ${\beta}=.17$, p<.001), while change(s) in total amount of smoking per day according to time had a significant positive relationship with depression (${\beta}=.43$, ${\beta}=.50$, ${\beta}=.38$, p<.001). Analysis of the cross-lagged effect between depression and total amount of smoking per day showed that depression at one time point had a significantly positive relationship with the total amount of smoking per day at the next time point (${\beta}=.14$, ${\beta}=.13$, ${\beta}=.13$, p=.021), and that the total amount of smoking per day at one time point had a significant positive relationship with depression at the next time point (${\beta}=.04$, ${\beta}=.04$, ${\beta}=.03$, p=.044). Conclusion: The findings in the present study confirmed a cross-interaction between depression and total amount of smoking per day in hardcore smokers. The present findings could be used to develop appropriate smoking-related interventions.

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