Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society (전기화학회지)

The Korean Electrochemical Society (한국전기화학회)
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A Review on Electrochemical Model for Predicting the Performance of Lithium Secondary Battery

리튬이차전지 성능 모사를 위한 전기화학적 모델링

  • Yang, Seungwon (College of Transdisciplinary Studies, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)) ;
  • Kim, Nayeon (College of Transdisciplinary Studies, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)) ;
  • Kim, Eunsae (College of Transdisciplinary Studies, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)) ;
  • Lim, Minhong (College of Transdisciplinary Studies, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)) ;
  • Park, Joonam (Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)) ;
  • Song, Jihun (Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)) ;
  • Park, Sunho (Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)) ;
  • Appiah, Williams Agyei (Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)) ;
  • Ryou, Myung-Hyun (Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University) ;
  • Lee, Yong Min (Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST))
  • 양승원 (대구경북과학기술원기초학부) ;
  • 김나연 (대구경북과학기술원기초학부) ;
  • 김은새 (대구경북과학기술원기초학부) ;
  • 임민홍 (대구경북과학기술원기초학부) ;
  • 박주남 (대구경북과학기술원에너지공학전공) ;
  • 송지훈 (대구경북과학기술원에너지공학전공) ;
  • 박선호 (대구경북과학기술원에너지공학전공) ;
  • ;
  • 유명현 (한밭대학교화학생명공학과) ;
  • 이용민 (대구경북과학기술원에너지공학전공)
  • Received : 2019.02.08
  • Accepted : 2019.02.16
  • Published : 2019.02.28
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Abstract

As the application area of lithium secondary batteries becomes wider, performance characterization becomes difficult as well as diverse. To address this issue, battery manufacturers have to evaluate many batteries for a longer period, recruit many researchers and continuously introduce expensive equipment. Simulation techniques based on battery modeling are being introduced to solve such difficulties. Various lithium secondary battery modeling techniques have been reported so far and optimal techniques have been selected and utilized according to their purpose. In this review, the electrochemical modeling based on the Newman model is described in detail. Particularly, we will explain the physical meaning of each equation included in the model; the Butler-Volmer equation, which represents the rate of electrode reaction, the material and charge balance equations for each phase (solid and liquid), and the energy balance. Moreover, simple modeling processes and results based on COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3a will be provided and discussed.

리튬이차전지(Lithium Secondary Batteries)를 에너지원으로 채용하는 분야가 다양해짐에 따라, 기존 요구 특성뿐만 아니라 각 분야에 특화된 성능 평가 결과까지 요구하고 있다. 이에 대응하기 위해 각 전지 제조사는 연구 인력을 충원하고 고가의 장비를 지속적으로 도입해서 다수의 전지를 오랜 기간 평가해야 하는 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이를 해소하기 위해, 전지 모델링(Modeling)을 기반으로 한 모사(Simulation) 기법을 도입하여, 실험 횟수를 최소화하고 실험 시간도 단축하려는 시도를 지속하고 있다. 현재까지 다양한 리튬이차전지 모델링 기법이 보고되고 있으며, 목적에 따라 최적 기법이 선택 및 활용되어 왔다. 본 리뷰 논문에서는 뉴만(Newman) 모델을 기반으로 한 전기화학적 모델링(Electrochemical Modeling) 기법을 상세히 설명한다. 특히, 전극 반응속도를 나타내는 버틀러-볼머식(Butler-Volmer Equation), 각 상(Phase)에서 전자와 이온의 균형 방정식 (Material and Charge Balance Equations), 그리고 전지의 온도 변화를 설명할 수 있는 에너지 균형 방정식 (Energy Balance Equation)의 물리적 의미를 쉽게 설명하고, COMSOL Multiphysics를 이용한 간단한 해석 과정과 결과를 제시한다.

Keywords

JHHHB@_2019_v22n1_43_f0001.png 이미지

Fig. 1. Scale-specific modeling approach in lithium secondary battery system

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Fig. 3. The molar flux at the solid surface due to migration.

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Fig. 4. Change of Li-ion concentration in electrolyte over time.

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Fig. 5. Change of Li-ion concentration in electrode active material over time.

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Fig. 6. Overpotential change in the electrolyte with time and distance.

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Fig. 7. Potential change in the electrode with time and distance between anode and cathode.

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Fig. 8. Flow chart of electrochemical modeling.

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Fig. 2. (a) Overpotential – Current density graph with symmetry factor change, (b) Overpotential – Current density graph with change of equilibrium exchange current density.

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