Advances in environmental research

  • 제8권1호
  • /
  • Pages.71-84
  • /
  • 2019
  • /
  • 2234-1722(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2234-1730(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Assessment of roof waterproofing by pre-packaged polymer modified slurry (PPPMS) and bitumen

  • 투고 : 2019.06.12
  • 심사 : 2019.11.21
  • 발행 : 2019.09.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Effective waterproofing of structures was a compulsory constraint to avoid leaks and dampness or humidity in walls, ceilings, roofs underground tank and underground room. Traditionally used methods of roof waterproofing were bitumen with tinny seared clay tiles are very troublesome, overwhelming time and involving high labor cost. These waterproofing methods are not allocation the purpose due to their intrinsic disadvantages. Prepackaged polymer modified slurries (PPPMS) are now attainment the vogue and easy to use, easily available in the market, cheaper in cost and more workable than the traditional methods of waterproofing. An experimental study has shown that prepackaged polymer modified slurries (PPPMS) are superior in cost and performance to as a roof water proof coatings. Bituminous coatings were mixed with water and different combination of prepackaged polymer modified slurries and primer respectively, to find optimum coverage underneath worst atmospheric conditions. Every specimen of different proportioned was applied on plane roofs and through the passage of time, their performance was checked, assessed and associated with each other. The roof of approximately 40000 ft2 area of prepackaged polymer modified slurries was used will give us hundred percent result (no water seepage or no water absorption) therefore no complaints as compare to roofs area of approximately 24000 ft2 bituminous coating was used for waterproofing they have shown the result of 30 to 40 percent water seepage. This result shows that prepackaged polymer modified slurries were two times cheaper than bituminous coating. Comparing an equal number of surfaces coated with a polymer modified prepackaged mortar and bitumen the prepackaged polymer modified slurries (PPPMS) showed excellent performance, ease of application and low bitumen coating cost.

키워드

과제정보

The research described in this paper was financially supported by itself.

참고문헌

  1. Abdulla, F.A. and Al-Shareef, A.W. (2009), "Roof rainwater harvesting systems for household water supply in Jordan", Desalination, 243(1-3), 195-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2008.05.013
  2. Aggarwal, L.K., Thapliyal, P.C. and Karade, S.R. (2007), "Properties of polymer-modified mortars using epoxy and acrylic emulsions", Construct. Build. Mater., 21(2), 379-383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.08.007.
  3. Ali, S., Eum, H.I., Cho, J., Dan, L., Khan, F., Dairaku, K., Shrestha, M.L., Hwang, S., Nasim, W., Khan, I.A. and Fahad, S. (2019), "Assessment of climate extremes in future projections downscaled by multiple statistical downscaling methods over Pakistan", Atmos. Res., 222, 114-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.02.009.
  4. Bhaskar, S., Srinivasan, P. and Chellappan, A. (2006), "Condition assessment of 30 years old overhead RCC reservoir", Proceedings of the National Seminar on Non-Destructive Evaluation, Hyderabad, India, December.
  5. Bogdanov, R.R. and Ibragimov, R.A. (2017), "November development of flat roof construction with waterproofing from modified self-compacting concrete", Mater. Sci. Eng. Conf. Ser., 262(1), 012012. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/link_gateway/2017MS&E..262a2012B/doi:10.1088/1757-899X/262/1/012012.
  6. Chen, H., Qi, H., Long, R. and Zhang, M. (2012), "Research on 10-year tendency of China coal mine accidents and the characteristics of human factors", Safety Sci., 50(4), 745-750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2011.08.040.
  7. Chilton, J.C., Maidment, G.G., Marriott, D., Francis, A. and Tobias, G. (2000), "Case study of a rainwater recovery system in a commercial building with a large roof", Urban Water, 1(4), 345-354. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1462-0758(00)00032-7.
  8. Combrinck, R., Steyl, L. and Boshoff, W.P. (2018), "Interaction between settlement and shrinkage cracking in plastic concrete", Construct. Build. Mater., 185, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.07.028.
  9. Goncalves, M., Silvestre, J.D., de Brito, J. and Gomes, R. (2019), "Environmental and economic comparison of the life cycle of waterproofing solutions for flat roofs", J. Build. Eng., 24, 100710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.02.002.
  10. Kalkanoglu, H. (1993), Tarmac Roofing Systems Inc, Surfacing for Polymer Modified or Unmodified Bitumen Roofing Membranes, U.S. Patent, 5,206,068. https://patents.google.com/patent/US5206068A/en.
  11. Kehr, H. and Denzel, H., Huels, A.G. (1987), Coating Compositions for a Polymer-Modified Roofing and Waterproofing Sheet, U.S. Patent, https://patents.google.com/patent/US4707413A/en.
  12. Khan, S.I., Hong, Y., Gourley, J.J., Khattak, M.U.K., Yong, B. and Vergara, H.J. (2014), "Evaluation of three high-resolution satellite precipitation estimates: Potential for monsoon monitoring over Pakistan", Adv. Sp. Res., 54(4), 670-684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2014.04.017.
  13. Kirkpatrick, J. and Kiernan, K. (2006), "Natural heritage management, managing protected areas, A global guide", Ann. Tourism Res., 35(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2007.06.002.
  14. Kot, P., Ali, A.S., Shaw, A., Riley, M. and Alias, A. (2016), "The application of electromagnetic waves in monitoring water infiltration on concrete flat roof: The case of Malaysia", Construct. Build. Mater., 122, 435-445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.06.092.
  15. Lanzon, M. and Garcia-Ruiz, P.A. (2009), "Evaluation of capillary water absorption in rendering mortars made with powdered waterproofing additives", Construct. Build. Mater., 23(10), 3287-3291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.05.002.
  16. Leccese, F., Salvadori, G. and Barlit, M. (2019), "Ventilated flat roofs: A simplified model to assess their hygrothermal behavior", J. Build. Eng., 22, 12-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2018.11.009
  17. Marques, J.A., Lopes, J.G. and Correia, J.R. (2011), "Durability of the adhesion between bituminous coatings and self-protection mineral granules of waterproofing membranes", Construct. Build. Mater., 25(1), 138-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.06.047.
  18. Necas, O. (2018), "Influence of the flat roof process on the site of detail of the atics using the main waterproofing layer made of plasticized polyvinyl chloride", Proceedings of the International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference: SGEM: Surveying Geology & Mining Ecology Management, Albena, Bulgaria, June-July.
  19. Newman, J. and Choo, B.S. (2003), Advanced Concrete Technology Set, Elsevier.
  20. Ohama, Y., Ibe, H., Mine, H. and Kato, K. (1964), "Cement mortars modified by SB latexes with variable bound styrene", Rubber Chem. Technol., 37(3), 758-769. https://doi.org/10.5254/1.3540369
  21. Othman, N.L., Jaafar, M., Harun, W.M.W. and Ibrahim, F. (2015), "A case study on moisture problems and building defects", Procedia-Soc. Behav. Sci., 170, 27-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.011.
  22. Phinney, P.R., and Ahner, T.L. and Phinney Peter R. (2001), Protection Device for Roof and Floor Openings, U.S. Patent 6,272-800. https://patents.google.com/patent/US6272800B1/en.
  23. Plachy, J., Vysoka, J. and Vejmelka, R. (2018), "Insufficient dimensional stability of bitumen sheets as a source of flat roof defects", MATEC Web Conf., 146, 02014. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814602014.
  24. Plachy, J., Vysoka, J. and Vejmelka, R. (2019), "Influence of the Quantity of Fillers on Crucial Thermal-Technical Parameters of Bitumen Waterproofing Sheets", IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., 471(3), 032001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/471/3/032001.
  25. PMD (2019), Pakistan Meteorological Department; Scientific and Service Department, Lahore, Pakistan. http://www.pmd.gov.pk/
  26. Powers, T.C. and Brownyard, T.L. (1946), "Studies of the physical properties of hardened Portland cement paste", J. Proc., 43(9), 101-132.
  27. Singh, B., Gupta, M. and Tarannum, H. (2004), "Evaluation of TDI production waste as a modifier for bituminous waterproofing", Construct. Build. Mater., 18(8), 591-601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2004.04.017.
  28. Song, Z., Xue, X., Li, Y., Yang, J., He, Z., Shen, S., Jiang, L., Zhang, W., Xu, L., Zhang, H. and Qu, J. (2016), "Experimental exploration of the waterproofing mechanism of inorganic sodium silicate-based concrete sealers", Construct. Build. Mater., 104, 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.069.
  29. Talib, R., Boyd, D., Hayhow, S., Ahmad, A.G. and Sulieman, M. (2015), "Investigating effective waterproofing materials in preventing roof leaking; initial comparative study: Malaysia, UK", Procedia Manufact., 2, 419-427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.074.
  30. Tittarelli, F. and Moriconi, G. (2008), "The effect of silane-based hydrophobic admixture on corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete", Cement Concrete Res., 38(11), 1354-1357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2008.06.009.
  31. Ustinovichius, L., Rasiulis, R., Ignatavicius, C. and Vilutiene, T. (2012), "Analysis of waterproofing defects and technology development for car parking roofs: Lithuanian case", J. Civ. Eng. Manage., 18(4), 519-529. https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2012.701231.
  32. Verrall, A.F., (1966), "Building decay associated with rain seepage (No. 1356)", US Department of Agriculture. https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/171391/files/tb1356.pdf.
  33. Villarreal, E.L. and Dixon, A. (2005), "Analysis of a rainwater collection system for domestic water supply in Ringdansen, Norrkoping, Sweden", Build. Environ., 40(9), 1174-1184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2004.10.018
  34. Wang, G.X. and Li, H.G. (2012), "Analysis on waterproof and drainage systems of pit house in the west of Henan province", Appl. Mech. Mater., 238, 482-485. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.238.482.
  35. Wong, J.T. and Hui, E.C. (2005), "Water seepage in multi-storey buildings", Facilities, 23(13/14), 595-607. https://doi.org/10.1108/02632770510627570.
  36. Xue, X., Yang, J., Zhang, W., Jiang, L., Qu, J., Xu, L., Zhang, H., Song, J., Zhang, R., Li, Y. and Qin, J. (2015a), "The study of an energy efficient cool white roof coating based on styrene acrylate copolymer and cement for waterproofing purpose-Part I: Optical properties, estimated cooling effect and relevant properties after dirt and accelerated exposures", Construct. Build. Mater., 98(15), 176-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.08.045
  37. Xue, X., Yang, J., Zhang, W., Jiang, L., Qu, J., Xu, L., Zhang, H., Song, J., Zhang, R., Li, Y. and Qin, J. (2015b), "The study of an energy efficient cool white roof coating based on styrene acrylate copolymer and cement for waterproofing purpose-Part II: Mechanical and water impermeability properties", Construct. Build. Mater., 96(15), 666-672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.08.033.
  38. Zhang, D., Gersberg, R.M., Wilhelm, C. and Voigt, M. (2009), "Decentralized water management: rainwater harvesting and greywater reuse in an urban area of Beijing, China", Urban Water J., 6(5), 375-385. https://doi.org/10.1080/15730620902934827.
  39. Zhu, K., Dong, D. and Yang, J. (2019), "Analysis on key points of quality control of waterproof engineering in residential buildings", IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., 242(6), 062050. https://doi.org/10.1080/15730620902934827.
  40. Zimmerman Jr, R.L., Antocci, J. and Pickering, N. (2006), Rainwater Recovery System, U.S. Patent, 7,025,076. Charles River Watershed Assoc. https://patents.google.com/patent/US7025076B2/en.