Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene (한국산업보건학회지)

Korean Industrial Hygiene Association (한국산업보건학회)
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Estimation of Manganese Levels in Cord Blood of Pregnant Workers

임신 여성 근로자의 제대혈 중 망간 농도 추정

  • Lee, Aram (Department of Environmental Health Science, Soonchunhyang University) ;
  • Choi, Kyungho (School of Public Health, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Hai-Joong (College of Medicine, Korea University) ;
  • Lee, Jeong Jae (College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University) ;
  • Choi, Gyuyeon (College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University) ;
  • Kim, Sungjoo (College of Medicine, Hallym University) ;
  • Kim, Su Young (College of Medicine, Jeju National University) ;
  • Cho, Geumjoon (College of Medicine, Korea University) ;
  • Kim, Youg Don (College of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Suh, Eunsook (College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University) ;
  • Kim, Sung Koo (College of Medicine, Hallym University) ;
  • Eun, So-Hee (College of Medicine, Korea University) ;
  • Eom, Soyong (Yonsei University) ;
  • Kum, Seunghyo (College of Medicine, Jeju National University) ;
  • Kim, Gun-Ha (College of Medicine, Korea University) ;
  • Moon, Hyo-Bang (Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University) ;
  • Kim, Sungkyoon (School of Public Health, Seoul National University) ;
  • Choi, Sooran (College of Medicine, Inha University) ;
  • Park, Jeongim (Department of Environmental Health Science, Soonchunhyang University)
  • Received : 2018.07.18
  • Accepted : 2018.09.19
  • Published : 2018.09.30
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Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to analyze manganese (Mn) concentrations in maternal and cord bloods at delivery and to estimate the Mn exposure risk for fetuses whose mothers were occupationally exposed to Mn. Materials and Methods: Forty-six pairs of maternal and cord blood samples were collected at delivery from mothers who were occupationally unexposed to Mn. Mn concentrations of blood were analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer. Mn exposure levels for fetuses of female workers were estimated by simulating two working exposure scenarios. Results: The geometric mean concentration of Mn in maternal and cord blood were $27.0(1.34){\mu}g/L$, $46.6(1.25){\mu}g/L$, respectively. Transfer ratios of Mn from maternal to cord blood were $1.81{\pm}0.62$, which indicated that the Mn concentrations in cord blood were higher than those in maternal blood. Mn concentrations in cord blood for the worse or general scenarios were estimated to $22.3-1,881{\mu}g/L$ and $1.59-308{\mu}g/L$, respectively. The probabilities of exceeding $74{\mu}g/L$, which was adopted as a reference level reported in a previous study, were 95% and 44% for the two scenarios, respectively. Conclusions: Comparable levels of Mn exposure in maternal or cord blood to those in this study have shown various health effects in previous studies. This suggests that Mn exposure levels in mothers and fetuese in Korea need to be monitored and managed. In addition, female workers who are occupationally exposed to Mn should be protected from the exposure since their fetuses can be exposed to Mn at risky levels during their pregnancy.

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