Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea (한국광물학회지)

The Mineralogical Society of Korea (한국광물학회)
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Studies on Damage Characteristics of Gyeongju Bunhwangsa Stone Brick Pagoda

경주 분황사 모전석탑의 손상 특성 연구

  • Do, Jin Young (Department of Archaeology, Anthropology and Art History, Gyeongju University) ;
  • Kim, Jeong Jin (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Andong National University)
  • 도진영 (경주대학교 고고인류미술사학과) ;
  • 김정진 (안동대학교 지구환경과학과)
  • Received : 2018.08.30
  • Accepted : 2018.09.29
  • Published : 2018.09.30
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Abstract

The Gyeongju Bunhwangsa Stone Brick Pagoda, which was built with bricks of andesite, is the oldest brick stone pagoda of Silla period. The damage patterns in the stone pagoda are pollutants such as white crust, black crust, discoloration, soil adsorption, and microorganisms, and repair materials. The damage pattern of structural factors in the Stone Brick Pagoda is a bulging phenomenon. According to the X-ray diffraction analysis, white crust are mainly consist of calcite ($CaCO_3$) and thermonatrite ($Na_2CO_3{\cdot}H_2O$) that evaporite finds in nature. Damage pattern varies depending on location of stone pagoda. The pollutants are first story body of pagoda. The microorganisms are confirmed at base, lion statues, first and second story capstone, and repair materials observed at base. The bulging phenomenon appeared on the first story body of the pagoda. Occupancy rates by damage type were higher in the order of microorganisms, pollutants, repair material, bulging phenomenon, and peeling. The highest percentage of individual damage patterns were black microorganisms (39.3%), followed by lichen (17.9%), discoloration (8.0%), white crust (5.5%), cement mortar (5.1%) and peeling (3.1%).

안산암을 벽돌 모양으로 다듬어 쌓아 올린 경주 분황사 모전석탑은 현재 남아있는 가장 오래된 신라시대 석탑이다. 석탑에서 나타나는 손상양상은 백색피각, 흑색피각, 변색, 토양흡착 등의 오염물, 생물서식, 보수물질 등이다. 구조적 요인에 의한 손상양상으로 배부름 현상이 나타난다. X-선 회절분석 결과에 의하면 백색피각의 주 구성광물은 방해석($CaCO_3$)과 서모나트라이트($Na_2CO_3{\cdot}H_2O$)로 자연 상태에서 쉽게 나타나는 증발잔류광물이다. 석탑에 나타나는 손상양상은 각 부위별로 상당히 다르다. 생물서식은 기단, 사자상, 1층과 2층의 옥개석에서, 보수물질은 기단에서 확인된다. 배부름 현상은 1층 탑신에서 나타난다. 전체적인 손상 유형별 점유율은 생물서식, 오염물, 보수물질이며 그외 배부름 현상, 박리 순으로 높게 나타났다. 가장 높은 점유율을 보인 개별 손상양상은 흑색미생물(39.3%)이며, 다음은 지의류(17.9%), 변색(8.0%), 백색피각(5.5%), 시멘트 모르타르(5.1%), 배부름 현상(3.9%), 박리(3.1%) 순으로 나타났다.

Keywords

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