Economic and Environmental Geology (자원환경지질)

The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental Geology (대한자원환경지질학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Mineralogical Characteristics of Carbonate Rock-Hosted Naturally Occurring Asbestos from Asan, Muju, Jangsu Areas

국내 탄산염암 지역(아산, 무주, 장수)에서 산출되는 자연발생석면의 광물학적 특성

  • Shin, Eunhea (Center for Asbestos and Environment, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Jeong, Hyeonyi (Center for Asbestos and Environment, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Baek, Jiyeon (Center for Asbestos and Environment, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Jeong, Hyewon (Center for Asbestos and Environment, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Park, Jaebong (Center for Asbestos and Environment, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Roh, Yul (Center for Asbestos and Environment, Chonnam National University)
  • 신은혜 (전남대학교 석면환경센터) ;
  • 정현이 (전남대학교 석면환경센터) ;
  • 백지연 (전남대학교 석면환경센터) ;
  • 정혜원 (전남대학교 석면환경센터) ;
  • 박재봉 (전남대학교 석면환경센터) ;
  • 노열 (전남대학교 석면환경센터)
  • Received : 2018.05.30
  • Accepted : 2018.08.23
  • Published : 2018.08.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) occurs in rocks and soils as a result of natural weathering and human activities. It is proved that inhalation of asbestos fibers can lead to increase risk of developing several diseases such as lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma. The parent rocks of asbestos have been mainly associated with (ultra)mafic and carbonate rock. The previous studies on NOA were mainly limited to (ultra)mafic rock-hosted asbestos, but studies on carbonate rock-hosted asbestos are relatively rare in S. Korea. Therefore, this study was aimed to examine mineralogical characteristics of carbonate rock-hosted NOA at three sites including Muju and Jangsu, Jeonbuk province and Asan, Chungnam province. Types of rocks at the three sites mainly consisted of Precambrian metasedimentary rocks, carbonate rock, and Cretaceous and Jurassic granites. Asbestos-containing carbonate rock samples were obtained for mineralogical characterization. XRD, PLM, EPMA, SEM and EDS analyses were used to characterize mineralogical characteristics of the carbonate rock-hosted NOA. From the carbonate rock, fibrous minerals were occurred acicular and columnar forms in the three sites. Fibrous minerals were composed of mainly tremolite and associated minerals included possibly asbestos containing materials (ACM) such as talc, vermiculite, and sepiolite. The length and aspect ratios of tremolite were similar to the standard asbestiform (length >$5{\mu}m$, length:width = 3:1). These results indicate that both non-asbestiform and asbestiform tremolite with acicular forms occurred in carbonate rocks at three sites. Geological and geochemical characteristics and mineral assemblages indicate tremolite and associated minerals might be formed by hydrothermal alternation and/or hydrothermal veins of carbonate rocks due to intrusion of acidic igneous rocks.

석면이 '1급 발암물질'로 지정되어 국내 외적으로 사회적 관심이 높아지면서, 폐석면 광산 또는 자연적으로 산출되는 석면에 대한 특성과 위해성에 대한 연구의 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 기존 연구는 (초)염기성암에서 산출되는 석면에 관한 연구에 국한되어 있으며, 변성퇴적암류인 탄산염암에서 산출되는 자연발생석면에 대한 연구는 상대적으로 미비하다. 따라서 이 연구는 국내 탄산염암에서 산출되는 자연발생석면의 산출양상 및 광물학적 특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 연구 지역인 충청남도 아산과 전라북도 무주 및 장수 일대에는 선캠브리아기 편마암 내에 탄산염암이 분포하고, 주변에는 고생대, 중생대의 화강암이 널리 분포되어 있다. 시료는 탄산염암 일대의 석면함유 암석시료로 cross/mass/slip fiber 형태 등의 섬유상 광물이 관찰되는 부분과 모암인 탄산염암을 대상으로 채취하였으며, XRD, PLM, EPMA SEM-EDS 분석을 실시하여 탄산염암에서 산출되는 자연발생석면의 광물학적 특성을 연구하고자 하였다. 연구결과, 아산, 무주, 그리고 장수지역의 탄산염암 내에서 산출되는 자연발생석면으로 각섬석군 투각섬석이 확인되었다. 석면의 산출은 모암인 탄산염암 내에서 cross/mass/slip fiber 형태로 존재하고 있었다. 또한 자연발생석면과 형태적 유사성을 가지며 석면함유가능물질에 포함되는 활석, 질석, 해포석이 함께 산출되었다. 이러한 세지역의 투각섬석은 일반적인 석면형 기준과 일치하는 길이 $5{\mu}m$ 이상, 종횡비 3:1 이상으로 나타났다. 세 지역의 탄산염암 내에서 산출되는 투각섬석은 석면형과 비석면으로 모두 존재하고 있으며, 풍화와 같은 지질과정과 환경적인 요인에 따라 비석면형도 쪼개지면 가늘고 긴 석면형이 될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 지질학적 및 지구화학적 특성과 광물조성과 그 산출양상을 보았을 때 탄산염암 주변으로 관입한 규질 화성암의 영향에 의한 열수변질작용이나 열수 충진작용 등에 의해 형성되었을 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Hendrickx, M. (2009) Naturally occurring asbestos in eastern Australia: a review of geological occurrence, disturbance and mesothelioma risk. Environmental Geology, v.57, n.4, p.927-928. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-008-1402-1
  2. Hong, S.H. and Yun, W. (1993) Geological report of the changkye sheet. Korea Institute of Geology Mining and Materials, 12p.
  3. Jeong, G.Y. and Choi, J.B. (2012) Morphological diversity of tremolite-actinolite series amphiboles with implications to the evaluation of naturally occurring asbestos. Journal of The Mineralogical Society of Korea, v.25, n.2, p.95-104. https://doi.org/10.9727/jmsk.2012.25.2.095
  4. Leake, B.E. and Woolley, A.R. (1997) Nomenclature of amphiboles: report of the subcommittee on amphiboles of the international mineralogical association, commission on new minerals and mineral names. The Canadian Mineralogist, v.35, p.219-246.
  5. Lee, D.S. and Nam, K.S. (1969) Explanatory text of the geological map of Janggi-ri sheet. Geological Survey of Korea, 23p.
  6. Lee, R.J., Strohmeier, B.R., Bunker, K.L. and Orden, D.R.V. (2008) Naturally occurring asbestos: A recurring public policy challenge. Journal of Hazardous Materials, v.153, p.1-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.11.079
  7. Lee, S.R. and Cho, K. (2012) Precambrian crustal evolution of the Korean Peninsula. The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea, v.21, n.2, p.89-112. https://doi.org/10.7854/JPSK.2012.21.2.089
  8. Park, G.N., Hwang, J.Y., Oh, J.H. and Lee, H.M. (2012) Occurrence and mineralogy of serpentinite from Bibong mine in Chungyang area, Korea. The Mineralogical Society of Korea, v.25, n.1, p.9-21. https://doi.org/10.9727/jmsk.2012.25.1.009
  9. Park, J.I., Yoon, C.S. and Paik, N.W. (1995) A study on exposure among asbestos textile workers and estimation of their historical exposures. Journal of Koreans Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, v.5, n.1, p.16-39.
  10. Park, K.H. (1996) Pb-Pb age of marble from muju, Korea. Journal of Petrology Society of Korea, v.5. n.4 p.84-88.
  11. Perkins, R.L. and Harvey, B.W. (1993) Test method for the determination of asbestos in bulk building materials. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 99p.
  12. Puhan, D. and Holier, E. (1973) Phase relations of talc and tremolite in metamorphic calcite-dolomite sediments in the Southern portion of the Damara belt(South West Africa). Contribution to Mineralogy and Petrology, v.40, n.3, p.207-214. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00373785
  13. Selden, A.I., Berg, N.P., Lundgren, E.A.L., Hillerdal, G., Wik, N.G., Ohlson, C.G. and Bodin, L.S. (2001). Exposure to tremolite asbestos and respiratory health in Swedish dolomite workers. Occupational and environmental medicine, v.58, n.10, p.670-677. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.58.10.670
  14. Shin, B.W., Nam, K.S. and Lee. J.D. (1979) Explanatory text of the geological map of the Cheon An sheet. Korea Research Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 16p.
  15. Song, S.H., Choi, S.G., Oh, C.H., Seo, J.E. and Choi, S.H. (2004) Petrography and geochemistry of the ultramafic rocks from the Hongseong and Kwangcheon areas, Chungcheongnam-Do. Economic and Environmental Geology, v.37, n.5, p.477-497.
  16. Song, S.H., Hwang, J.H., Hwang, B.G. and Kim, H.W. (2008) Occurrence types and mineralogical characteristics of asbestos for the Kwangcheon area, Chungnam. Korean Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, v.18, n.4, p.271-281.
  17. Song, S.H. and Song, Y.S. (2001) Mineralogy and geochemistry of ultramafic rocks from the Singok area, western part of Chungnam. Korean Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, v.34, n.4, p.395-415.
  18. The Mineralogical Society of Korea and Mine Reclamation Corporation (2010) Method for the determination of asbestos in soil and water. Journal of The Mineralogical Society of Korea, v.23, n.2, p.171-183.
  19. U.S. EPA (1982) Interim Method for the Determination of asbestos in bulk insulation samples. United States Environmental Protection Agency, 11p.
  20. Van Gosen B.S. (2007) The geology of asbestos in the United States and its practical applications. Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v.13, n.1, p.55-68. https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.13.1.55
  21. Yoon, C.S. (2009) Critical issues on health risk of asbestos. Korean Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, v.35, n.5, p.426-432.
  22. Yoon, K.T., Hwang, J.Y., Oh, J.H. and Lee, H.M. (2010) Characteristics of tremolite asbestos from abandoned asbestos mines in Boryeong Area, Chungnam. Journal of The Mineralogical Society of Korea, v.23, n.1, p.73-84.