References
- Saenger P, Wikland KA, Silberbach M, et al. : Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of Turner syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 86:3061-3069, 2001.
- Batch J : Turner syndrome in childhood and adolescence. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab, 16:465-482, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1053/beem.2002.0217
- Faggella A, Guadagni MG, Piana G, et al. : Dental features in patients with Turner syndrome. Eur J Paediatr Dent, 7: 165-168, 2006.
- Ho VB, Bakalov VK, Bondy CA, et al. : Major vascular anomalies in Turner syndrome : prevalence and magnetic resonance angiographic features. Circulation, 110:1694-1700, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000142290.35842.B0
- Szilagyi A, Keszthelyi G, Nagy G, Madlena M : Oral manifestations of patients with Turner syndrome. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 89:577-584, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1067/moe.2000.104475
- Varrela J : Root morphology of mandibular premolars in human 45,X females. Arch Oral Biol, 35:109-112, 1990. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9969(90)90171-6
- Midtbo M, Halse A : Tooth crown size and morphology in Turner syndrome. Acta Odontol Scand, 52:7-19, 1994. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016359409096370
- Varrela J, Alvesalo L, Mayhall J : Taurodontism in 45,X females. J Dent Res, 69:494-495, 1990. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345900690021501
- Gonzalez L, Witchel SF : The patient with Turner syndrome: puberty and medical management concerns. Fertil Steril, 98:780-786, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.07.1104
- Lopez ME, Bazan C, Lorca IA, Chervonagura A : Oral and clinical characteristics of a group of patients with Turner syndrome. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 94:196-204, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1067/moe.2002.121546
- Saenger P : Turner's Syndrome. N Engl J Med, 335:1749-1754, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199612053352307
- Gotzsche CO, Krag-Olsen B, Kristensen BO, et al. : Prevalence of cardiovascular malformations and association with karyotypes in Turner's syndrome. Arch Dis Child, 71:433-436, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.71.5.433
- Sybert VP : Cardiovascular malformations and complications in Turner syndrome. Pediatrics, 101:E11, 1998.
- Lin AE, Lippe B, Rosenfeld RG : Further delineation of aortic dilation, dissection, and rupture in patients with Turner syndrome. Pediatrics, 102:e12, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.102.1.e12
- Mazzanti L, Cacciari E : Congenital heart disease in patients with Turner's syndrome. Italian Study Group for Turner Syndrome (ISGTS). J Pediatr, 133:688-692, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(98)70119-2
- Knickmeyer RC : Turner syndrome: advances in understanding altered cognition, brain structure and function. Curr Opin Neurol, 25:144-149, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1097/WCO.0b013e3283515e9e
- Turner EK : A case of probable ovarian agenesis with Turner syndrome in a female child aged seven months. Med J Aust, 41:39-42, 1954.
- Horowitz SL, Morishima A : Palatal abnormalities in the syndrome of gonadal dysgenesis and its variants and in Noonan's syndrome. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 38: 839-844, 1974. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(74)90334-X
- Townsend G, Jensen BL, Alvesalo L : Reduced tooth size in 45,X (Turner syndrome) females. Am J Phys Anthropol, 65: 367-371, 1984. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330650405
- Varrela J, Townsend G, Alvesalo L : Tooth crown size in human females with 45,X/46,XX chromosomes. Arch Oral Biol, 33:291-294, 1988. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9969(88)90059-3
- Mayhall JT, Alvesalo L, Townsend GC : Tooth crown size in 46,X,i(Xq) human females. Arch Oral Biol, 36:411-414, 1991. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9969(91)90130-M
- Midtbo M, Halse A : Tooth crown size and morphology in Turner syndrome. Acta Odontol Scand, 52:7-19, 1994. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016359409096370
- Garn SM, Lewis AB, Kerewsky RS : X-linked inheritance of tooth size. J Dent Res, 44:439-441, 1965. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345650440022201
- Kusiak A, Sadlak-Nowicka J, Limon J, Kochanska B : Root morphology of mandibular premolars in 40 patients with Turner syndrome. Int Endod J, 38:822-826, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2005.01023.x
- MidtbMidtbo M, Halse A : Skeletal maturity, dental maturity, and eruption in young patients with Turner syndrome. Acta Odontol Scand, 50:303-312, 1992. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016359209012777
- Varrela J : Root morphology of mandibular premolars in human 45,X females. Arch Oral Biol, 35:109-112, 1990. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9969(90)90171-6
- Varrela J : Effect of 45,X/46,XX mosaics on root morphology of mandibular premolars. J Dent Res, 71:1604-1606, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345920710091101
- Cleghorn BM, Christie WH, Dong CC : The root and root canal morphology of the human mandibular first premolar: a literature review. J Endod, 33:509-516, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2006.12.004
- Cleghorn BM, Christie WH, Dong CC : The root and root canal morphology of the human mandibular second premolar: a literature review. J Endod, 33:1031-1037, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2007.03.020
- Bharti R, Chandra A, Tikku AP, Wadhwani KK : "Taurodontism" an endodontic challenge: a case report. J Oral Sci, 51:471-474, 2009. https://doi.org/10.2334/josnusd.51.471
- Varrela J, Alvesalo L : Taurodontism in females with extra X chromosomes. J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol, 9:129-133, 1989.
- Joseph M : Endodontic treatment in three taurodontic teeth associated with 48,XXXY Klinefelter syndrome: a review and case report. Oral Surg Oral Med Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 105:670-677, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.11.015
- Tsesis I, Shifman A, Kaufman AY : Taurodontism: an endodontic challenge. Report of a case. J Endod 29:353-355, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200305000-00009