Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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Study on the correlation between nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes of guardians, and nutritional status of infants and toddlers - Nutrition-Plus program in Jeonju

보호자의 영양지식 및 식생활태도와 영유아의 영양상태와의 관계연구 - 전주지역 영양플러스 참여자를 중심으로

  • Song, Eun Young (Major of Nutrition Education, The Graduate School of Education, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Rho, Jeong Ok (Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University)
  • 송은영 (전북대학교 교육대학원 영양교육전공) ;
  • 노정옥 (전북대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2018.04.17
  • Accepted : 2018.05.16
  • Published : 2018.06.30
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Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes of guardians, and nutritional status of infants and toddlers as well as the relationships between these variables. Methods: The participants were selected among applicants for low-income family financing provided by the government and included 115 infants and toddlers as well as their guardians. Demographic data, nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, and nutrition intakes were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire, biochemical examination, and 24 Hour-Recall method. Results: The score for guardians' nutrition knowledge was 12.97 points of a possible 15, and the score for dietary attitudes was 53.38 points of a possible 75. The nutrition knowledge and dietary attitudes showed significant differences by education level (p < 0.05) and family structure (p < 0.05). Energy intakes of subjects aged 6 ~ 24 months and over 25 months were lower than the DRI for Koreans. The intakes of carbohydrates, protein, and fat of subjects aged 6 ~ 24 months and over 25 months showed no significant differences by level of nutrition knowledge or dietary attitudes. The intake of Ca of subjects aged over 12 months showed significant differences by level of nutrition knowledge (p < 0.05). The intakes of Thiamin of subjects aged 6 ~ 11 months and P of subjects aged over 12 months showed significant differences by level of dietary attitudes (p < 0.05). There was a small positive correlation between education level and nutrition knowledge as well as between dietary attitudes. Nutrition knowledge showed a positive correlation with dietary attitudes. There was a positive correlation between nutrition knowledge and Ca, Riboflavin, as well as Vit C levels. Conclusion: Therefore, it is necessary to consider an educational program for increasing the practical application of knowledge to nutrition management for improvement of nutrition intake in infants and toddlers.

본 연구는 전주시의 영양플러스 사업에 참여 중인 115명의 보호자의 영양지식 및 식생활태도 수준을 파악하고 영유아의 영양상태와의 관계에 대하여 조사하였다. 이를 통하여 영유아의 바람직한 성장발달을 위한 영양관리와 보호자대상의 효율적인 영양교육을 제시하고자 하였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 영양지식의 총점은 15점 중 12.97점이며 '철분이 부족하면 빈혈에 걸리기 쉽다'가 99.1%로 가장 높은 정답률을 보였고, '철분은 동물성보다 식물성 단백질에 많이 함유되어 있다'가 62.6%로 가장 낮은 정답률을 보였다. 식생활태도의 총점은 75점 만점 기준 53.38점이며 '술은 절대로 마시지 않는다'가 3.95점으로 가장 높게 나타났고, '우유제품을 매일 먹는다'가 2.85점으로 가장 낮은 식생활태도 점수를 보였다. 보호자의 일반적 특성에 따른 영양지식과 식생활태도는 교육수준과 가족구성에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 6 ~ 24개월 영유아의 전체 평균 %EER은 97.56%이며, 영양지식 수준이 '높음'은 98.81%, '보통'은 97.87%, '낮음'은 93.73%로 영양지식 수준이 '높음'의 %EER이 다른 군에 비해 높았다. 25개월 이상의 유아의 %EER은 81.47%이며, 영양지식 수준이 '높음'은 84.17%, '보통'은 82.31%, '낮음'은 71.20%로 영양지식 수준이 '높음'의 %EER이 다른 군에 비해 높았다. 6 ~ 11개월 영아의 전체 평균 미량 영양소 섭취율은 칼슘, 인, 티아민, 리보플라빈, 나이아신은 100%이상으로 적절하게 섭취하고 있으나 철은 92.38%, 비타민 A는 92.46%, 비타민 C는 95.50% 섭취하고 있었다. 12개월 이상의 유아는 칼슘에서 보호자의 영양지식 수준이 '높음' (97.71)과 '보통' (92.79)이 '낮음' (77.66)보다 칼슘 섭취량이 유의적으로 높았다. 전체 평균 섭취율은 인, 비타민 A, 티아민, 리보플라빈, 비타민 C는 100% 이상으로 섭취하고 있으나 칼슘은 92.01%, 철은 92.31%, 나이아신은 93.67%로 부족하게 섭취하였다. 식생활 태도 수준에 따른 %에너지 필요추정량, 탄수화물, 단백질, 지방에 대한 섭취 에너지 백분율 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 미량영양소인 티아민의 섭취량은 보호자의 식생활 태도 수준이 '보통' (142.67)일 때 '높음' (121.03), '낮음' (119.56)보다 유의적으로 높았다. 12개월 이상의 유아의 미량 영양소의 섭취량 백분율을 분석한 결과, 인 섭취는 보호자의 식생활태도 수준이 '보통' (135.43)일 때 '높음' (114.62), '낮음' (124.74) 보다 유의적으로 높았다. 보호자의 교육수준은 영양지식 및 식생활태도와 각각의 양의 상관관계를 보였고, 보호자의 영양지식과 식생활태도 간에도 유의적인 양의 상관성이 나타났다. 보호자의 영양지식과 영유아의 칼슘 (r = 0.303, p < 0.01), 철 (r = 0.277, p < 0.01), 비타민 C (r = 0.221, p < 0.05), 리보플라빈 (r = 0.188, p < 0.05)의 섭취량 간에 유의적인 양의 상관관계가 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 종합하면, 전주시 영양플러스 사업에 참여하고 있는 영유아 보호자의 영양지식과 식생활태도 수준은 대체로 높은 수준이었으나 이를 실생활에 적용하는 하는데 부족함이 있으므로 영양플러스 교육내용 및 교육매체에 대한 재검토가 필요하겠다. 향후 영양플러스 사업이나 영유아대상의 영양사업에서 보호자의 실질적인 영유아 영양관리 실천 기술과 지식을 향상시킬 수 있는 영양교육이 보다 강화되어야 할 것이다.

Keywords

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