Clinical Nutrition Research

The Korean Society of Clinical Nutrition (한국임상영양학회)
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The Effect of Pycnogenol Supplementation on Plasma C-Reactive Protein Concentration: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

  • Nikpayam, Omid (Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Rouhani, Mohammad Hossein (Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Pourmasoumi, Makan (Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GLDRC), Guilan University of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Roshanravan, Neda (Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science) ;
  • Ghaedi, Ehsan (Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Mohammadi, Hamed (Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences)
  • Received : 2018.04.02
  • Accepted : 2018.04.05
  • Published : 2018.04.30
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Abstract

Pycnogenol is a standardized extract from the bark of the French maritime pine. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to clarify the effect of Pycnogenol supplementation on C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration. To identify eligible studies in order to find clinical trials which examined the effect of Pycnogenol supplementation on the level of CRP in adult participants, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were systematically searched until December 2017. Mean of CRP was collected to estimate the effect size of the supplementation. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored by subgroup analysis. Five trials including 324 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled effect size showed significant effect of Pycnogenol supplementation on CRP (-1.22 mg/dL, 95% confidence interval, -2.43, -0.003; $I^2=99%$, $p_{heterogeneity}$ < 0.001). When the meta-analysis was subgrouped by dose of Pycnogenol, heterogeneity was attenuated in > 150 mg/d category ($I^2=0.0%$, p = 0.42). There was significant difference between-subgroup heterogeneity (p < 0.001). Furthermore, no evidence of publication bias for CRP (p = 0.27, Begg's test and p = 0.62, Egger's test) was seen. Present systematic review and meta-analysis suggested Pycnogenol consumption can decrease the level of CRP and have anti-inflammatory effect. So, Pycnogenol as an anti-inflammatory agent might be a priority in interventions. Further studies with large-scale and better design are needed to confirm this result.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : Tehran University of Medical Sciences

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