한국유기농업학회지 (Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture)

  • 제26권2호
  • /
  • Pages.297-316
  • /
  • 2018
  • /
  • 1229-3571(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2287-819X(eISSN)
한국유기농업학회 (Korean Association of Organic Agriculture)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

왕우렁이(Pomacea canaliculata)의 생리·생태학적 특성 및 논 잡초방제용으로 투입된 왕우렁이의 집단패사 원인

The Physio-ecological Characteristics of Golden Apple Snails (Pomacea canaliculata) and the Cause of Their Massive Death used for Weed Control in Wet Rice Paddies

  • 이상범 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 유기농업과) ;
  • 이상민 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 유기농업과) ;
  • 고병구 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 유기농업과) ;
  • 이초롱 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 유기농업과) ;
  • 김진호 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 유기농업과)
  • 투고 : 2018.04.05
  • 심사 : 2018.05.11
  • 발행 : 2018.05.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

본 연구는 왕우렁이의 생리 생태적 특성 및 논 잡초방제를 위하여 투입된 왕우렁이들의 집단패사 원인을 구명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 1983년 국내에 도입되어 양식과 논 잡초방제를 위하여 활용되고 있는 왕우렁이의 종(species)은 연체동물문(Mollusca), 복족강(Gastropoda), 중복족목(Mesogastropoda), Ampulariidae과, Pomacea속에 속하는 Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck이다. 왕우렁이의 생리 생태적 특성조사 결과 왕우렁이 성체들이 국내에서 월동되고 있으나 왕우렁이 알로는 월동되지 못하고 있다. 수컷과 암컷의 비율은 1:1.99~2.33배로 암컷의 구성비가 높았다. 생장량은 1일에 87.7 mg이었으며, 껍질은 각고가 0.31 mm, 각경이 0.33 mm씩 자랐다. 왕우렁이의 생장은 먹이의 조건 등에 따라서 차이가 있을 수 있으며, 매우 빠른 생장량을 나타내었다. 한편, 건조에 대한 저항성은 매우 강하여 3개월까지 생존율이 약 80%에 달하였다. 왕우렁이 서식에 따른 수질에 미치는 영향을 평가한 결과 다량의 서식 밀도에서는 약간의 영향을 줄 수는 있겠으나, 잡초방제를 위하여 투입되는 밀도에서는 전혀 영향이 없었다. 논 잡초방제를 위하여 벼 이앙초기에 투입되는 왕우렁이가 2~3일 이내에 일시에 집단 패사되는 직접적인 원인은 미소생물인 패충류(참씨벌레)에 의하여 발생되지 않는 것으로 판명되었다. 다만 패충류 (참씨벌레)에 의하여 패사되는 비율은 밀도에 따라 2.86%와 5.71%로 매우 미미하였고, 통계적인 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 논 잡초방제를 위하여 투입된 왕우렁이들은 벼 이앙시기가 빨라지고, 일교차가 커지면서 추운 저온의 날씨로 인하여 논의 흙속으로 들어가서 죽거나 일부는 새의 먹이가 되어 사라지기 때문에 다량이 죽은 것으로 오해되었다.

The golden apple snail (GAS, Pomacea canaliculata) is an invasive freshwater snail. The GAS was introduced in Korea without prior studies on the possibility of crop damage or its impact on the natural ecosystem. The freshwater apple snails can be found typically in ponds, rice paddies, irrigation canals, roadside ditches or slower portions of streams. In this study, we were carried out to investigate the assessment of physiological and ecological characteristics, environmental characteristics inhabited area in winter season and cause of massive death at one time of golden apple snails used for weed control in wet rice paddies. The GAS was introduced from Japan to Korea for commercial production as a dietary protein supplement. The golden apple snail was also used a recently for weed control in wet rice cultivation. The species of freshwater Pomacea snails is belonging to the genus Pomacea, family ampulariidae, order mesogastropoda, subclass pulmonata, class gastropoda, phylum mollusca. The GAS spread into irrigation ditches and natural waterways. It is now distributed in ponds and canals near rice fields of southern parts of the country and has overwintered. It increases its cold hardiness before winter. However, the physiological mechanism of cold hardiness in molluscs is poorly understood, especially in freshwater molluscs. Our results on physio-ecological characteristics of the Pomacea apple snail showed that the ratio of males to females was 1: 1.99~2.33. The daily growth was 87.7 mg in weight, 0.31 mm in height and 0.33 mm in width of the their shell. On the other hand, the golden apple snails were very high to resistance on drying condition and survived rate about 80% up to 3 months. The inhabitation of GAS was no statistical significant impacts on the water quality. An important property of aqueous solutions is agricultural water quality because it affects chemical and biochemical properties such as chemical reactions, equilibrium conditions, and biological toxicity. The death rate of weed control apple snails by Ostracoda (Stenocypris hislopi) was only 2.86% and 5.71% depending on the density. Therefore, GAS was not a direct death caused by Ostracoda (Stenocypris hislopi).

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Alves, T., P. Lima, S. F. B. Lima, A. G. Ferri, J. C. Barros, and J. Machado. 2006. Growth of Pomacea lineata and Pomacea bridgesi in different stock densities. Thalassas 22: 55-64.
  2. Antralina, M., I. N. Istina, Y. Yuwariah, and T. Simarmata. 2015. Effect of difference weed control methods to yield of lowland rice in the SOBARI. Procedia Food Science 3: 323-329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profoo.2015.01.035
  3. Ayers, R. and D. Westcot. 1994. Water quality for agriculture. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 29 Rev. 1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
  4. Berthold, T. 1991. Vergleichende Anatomie, Phylogenie und historische Biogeographie der Ampullaridae (Mollusca, Gastropda). Abhandlungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg 29: 1-256.
  5. Biswas, S., G. C. Hazra, T. J. Purakayastha, N. Saha, T. Mitran, S. S. Roy, N. Basak, and B. Mandal. 2017. Establishment of critical limits of indicators and indices of soil quality in rice-rice cropping systems under different soil orders. Geoderma 292: 34-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.01.003
  6. Bombeo-Tuburan, I., S. Fukumoto, and E. M. Rodriguez. 1995. Use of the golden apple snail, cassava, and maize as feeds for the tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon, in ponds. Aquaculture 131: 91-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(94)00329-M
  7. Boyer, J. S. 1982. Plant productivity and environment. Science 218: 443-448. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.218.4571.443
  8. Debaeke, P. and A. Aboudrare. 2004. Adaptation of crop management to water limited environments. Eur. J. Agron. 21: 433-446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2004.07.006
  9. Dupont-Nivet, M., V. Coste, P. Coinon, J. C. Bonnet, and J. M. Blanc. 2000. Rearing density effect on the production performance of the edible snail Helix aspera Müller in indoor rearing. Ann. Zootechnol. 49: 447-456. https://doi.org/10.1051/animres:2000135
  10. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 1985. Agricultural drainage water management in arid and semi-arid areas. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 29.
  11. Gao, L., H. Doan, B. Nidumolu, A. Kumar, and D. Gonzago. 2017. Effects of copper on the survival, hatching, and reproduction of a pulmonate snail (Physa acuta). Chemosphere. 185: 1208-1216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.101
  12. Garr, A. L., H. Lopez, R. Pierce, and M. Davis. 2011. The effect of stocking density and diet on the growth and survival of cultured Florida apple snails, Pomacea paludosa. Aquaculture. 311: 139-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.11.017
  13. Garr, A. L., H. Posch, M, McQuillan, and M. Davis. 2012. Development of a captive breeding program for the Florida apple snail, Pomacea paludosa: Relaxation and sex ratio recommendations. Aquaculture. 370-371: 166-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.10.015
  14. Gilioli G., G. Schrader, N. Carlsson, E. V. Donk, C. H. A. V. Leeuwen, P. R. Martín, S. Pasquali, M. Vilà, and S. Vos. 2017. Environmental risk assessment for invasive alien species: A case study of apple snails affecting ecosystem services in Europe. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 65: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2017.03.008
  15. Halwart, M. 1994. The golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculata in Asian rice farming systems: present impact and future threat. Int. J. Pest Manage. 40: 199-206. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670879409371882
  16. Herczeg, A. L., W. S. Broecker, R. F. Anderson, S. L. Schiff, and D. W. Schindler. 1985. A new method for monitoring temporal trends in the acidity of fresh waters. Nature. 315: 133-135. https://doi.org/10.1038/315133a0
  17. Huang, L., X. Liu, Z. Wang, Z. Liang, M. Wang, M. Liu, and D. L. Suarez. 2017. Interac- tive effects of pH, EC and nitrogen on yields and nutrient absorption of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Agricultural Water Management. 194: 48-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2017.08.012
  18. Islam, M. J. and H. H. Molla. 2001. Economic weeding method for irrigated rice production in Bangladesh. Agricultural Water Management. 46: 268-276.
  19. Islam, M. R., G. J. U. Ahmed, S. T. Hossain, A. Salahuddin, and M. A. Hasan. 2005. Impact of integrated riceeduck farming on the farm productivity and livelihood improvement of farmers. Int. J. Sustain. Agric. Technol. 1: 65-71.
  20. Joshi R. C. and L. S. Sebastian. 2006. Global advances in ecology and management of golden apple snails. Philippine Rice Research Institute.
  21. Joshi, R. C., R. H. Cowie, and L. S. Sebastian. 2017. Biology and management of invasive apple snails, The Philippine Rice Research Institute.
  22. Lee, S. B., J. H. Kim, Y. E. Na, and M. H. Koh. 2000. A study on the ecology of golden apple snails(Final report). National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology.
  23. Lee, S. B., M. H. Koh, Y. E. Na, and J. H. Kim 2002. Physiological and ecological characteristics of the apple snails. Korean J. Environ. Agriculture. 21(1): 50-56. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2002.21.1.050
  24. Li, S. S., S. H. Wei, R. L. Zuo, J. G. Wei, and S. Qiang. 2012. Changes in the weed seed bank over 9 consecutive years of riceeduck farming. Crop Protection. 37: 42-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2012.03.001
  25. Maas, E. V. and G. J. Hoffman. 1977. Crop salt tolerance - current assessment. J. Irrigation and Drainage Division, ASCE. 103(IR2): 115-134.
  26. PhilRice. 2001. Management options for the golden apple snail. Philippine Rice Institute, Rice technology bulletin No.33.
  27. Ranaivoson, L., K. Naudin, A. Ripoche, L. Rabeharisoa, and M. Corbeels. 2018. Is mulching an efficient way to control weeds? Effects of type and amount of crop residue in rainfed rice based cropping systems in Madagascar. Field Crops Research. 217: 20-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.11.027
  28. Sanico, A. L., S. Peng, R. C. Laza, and R. M. Visperas. 2002. Effect of seedling age and seedling number per hill on snail damage in irrigated rice. Crop Protection. 21: 137-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-2194(01)00075-8
  29. Seuffert, M. E. and P. R. Martin. 2010. Dependence on aerial respiration and its influence on microdistribution in the invasive freshwater snail Pomacea canaliculata (Caenogastro- poda, Ampullariidae). Biol. Invasions. 12: 1695-1708. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-009-9582-5
  30. Song, Q., C. Liu, D. G. Bachir, L. Chen, and Y. G. Hu. 2017. Drought resistance of new synthetic hexaploid wheat accessions evaluated by multiple traits and antioxidant enzyme activity. Field Crops Research. 210: 91-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.05.028
  31. Tanaka, K., T. Watanabe, H. Higuchi, K. Miyamoto, Y. Yusa, T. Kiyonaga, H. Kiyota, Y. Suzuki, and T. Wada. 1999. Density-dependent growth and reproduction of the apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata: a density manipulation experiment in a paddy field. Res. Pop. Ecol. 41: 253-262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s101440050029
  32. Tshewang, S., M. M. Sindel, M. Ghimiray, and B. S. Chauhan. 2016. Weed management challenges in rice (Oryza sativa L) for food security in Bhutan: A review. Crop Protection. 90: 117-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2016.08.031
  33. Turner, M. G. 2010. Disturbance and landscape dynamics in a changing world. Ecology. 91(10): 2833-2849. https://doi.org/10.1890/10-0097.1
  34. Yusa, Y. 2004. Brood sex ratio in the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae) is determined genetically and not by environmental factors. Journal of Molluscan Studies. 70: 268-275.
  35. Yusa, Y. and Y. Suzuki. 2003. A snail with unbiased population sex ratios but highly biased brood sex ratios. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 270: 283-288. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2002.2226