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Vegetative Propagation and Morphological Characteristics of Amelanchier spp. with High Value as Fruit Tree for Landscaping

정원용 유실수로서 가치가 높은 채진목속(Amelanchier spp.)의 형태적 특성 및 영양번식방법

  • Kang, Ho Chul (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Hwang, Dae Yul (Graduate Student, Department of Landscape Architecture, Graduate School, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Ha, Yoo Mi (School of Civil, Architectural Engineering and Landscape Architecture, Sungkyunkwan University)
  • 강호철 (경남과학기술대학교 조경학과) ;
  • 황대율 (성균관대학교 대학원 조경학과) ;
  • 하유미 (성균관대학교 건설환경공학부)
  • Received : 2018.10.10
  • Accepted : 2018.12.21
  • Published : 2018.12.31

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the growth characteristics and propagation methods of the Korean native Amelanchier asiatica, A. arborea, and A. alnifolia as fruit trees for gardens. Due to the lack of recent research on Amelanchier spp., their superficial classification is still unclear and the names are being used interchangeably. The results are obtained as follows : A. arborea and A. alnifolia were globular type multi-stemmed shrubs. A 20-year-old tree of A. asiatica was 7.8m in height, with a 5.2m crown width, with one trunk. As for the morphological characteristics, leaves of A. asiatica were oblong, with an acuminate of, 6.1cm and 3.6cm width, but A. arborea and A. alnifolia had acute obovate leaves. The leaf size of A. alnifolia was the largest among the three species. The flower size of A. asiatica was bigger than that of A. arborea and A. alnifolia. In addition, its petals and flower clusters were also the largest among the three species. The flowering of A. asiatica initiated on April 21 and then bloomed for a duration of 24 days in Osan, while that of A. arborea and A. alnifolia initiated flowering on April 12 and then bloomed for a duration of 22 days in the same location. The fruit of A. arborea and A. alnifolia were green on May 10~12, it changed into purplish red on May 24~26, and its matured on June 1~3. The duration of fruit persistence of A. arborea and A. alnifolia were 48~50 days. On the other hand, A. asiatica showed greenish fruit on May 20, it became red on September 4, and had fallen by October 3. The fruit size was the largest at 1.03cm of height and 1.12cm of diameter in the A. arborea, followed by the big berry of A. alnifolia and the smallest fruit in the native, A. asiatica. It was difficult to root due to the hardwood cutting of A. arborea at a 40% rate of rooting. In the softwood cutting, the rooting rate of A. arborea was increased by the treatment with concentrated IBA, especially at 5,000 and 7,000ppm. The optimum date for cutting was on June 27, when the rooting rate was more than 80%. The most effective method for rooting of A. arborea was rootone or 7,000 ppm IBA treatment on June 27 softwood cuttings, which showed a rooting rate of over 80%.

채진목속(Amelanchier spp.)중 우리나라 자생 채진목(A. asiatica)과 미국채진목(A. arborea) 그리고 준베리(A. alnifloia)의 생육 및 형태적 특성, 개화 특성, 그리고 열매의 착색시기 등을 비교하고, 나아가 조경적 활용을 증대시키기 위한 영양번식법을 규명하고자 하였다. 20년생 자생 채진목의 수고는 7.8m, 수관폭은 5.2m였으며, 주간이 1개로 소교목성으로 나타난 반면, 미국채진목과 준베리의 경우 수관폭이 넓고 뿌리 근처에서 많은 줄기가 발생하는 관목형으로 나타났다. 채진목속의 잎의 형태적 특성을 조사한 결과, 잎의 크기는 자생 채진목이 가장 컸으며, 잎의 형태는 자생 채진목의 경우 장타원형인데 반해, 미국채진목과 준베리는 도란형에 가까웠다. 꽃의 크기는 자생 채진목이 2.89cm로 미국채진목과 준베리에 비해 컸으며, 화방의 길이 역시 자생 채진목이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 채진목속의 개화 특성을 조사한 결과, 미국채진목과 준베리의 경우 개화가 4월 16일에 개화하여 만개기가 4월 18일로서 총 개화기간이 21~22일인 반면 자생 채진목의 경우 개화기가 미국채진목과 준베리에 비해 가장 늦었다. 열매특성으로 착과는 미국채진목과 준베리는 5월 10일과 12일로 자생 채진목의 5월 20일보다 약 10일 정도 빨랐으며, 착색시기 역시 미국채진목과 준베리가 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 성숙된 열매가 낙과되는 시기는 자생 채진목은 10월 3일로 총 열매지속기간이 135일로 매우 긴 반면, 미국채진목과 준베리는 6월 29일로 총 50일 정도 열매가 지속되는 것으로 나타났다. 과일의 크기는 미국채진목이 과고 1.03cm, 과폭 1.12cm로 가장 컸으며, 다음으로 준베리가 컸고, 자생 채진목의 과일의 크기가 가장 작은 것으로 나타났다. 과방당 과일수는 준베리가 6.8개로 가장 많았으며, 다음으로 미국채진목이 5.7개로 준베리와 유의한 차이가 없었다. 반면, 자생 채진목은 3.5개로 과방당 과일수가 가장 적어 착과율이 가장 낮았다. 미국채진목의 녹지삽목은 6월 27일 실시한 처리구에서 모든 처리구에서 발근율이 높았으며, 특히 Rootone 처리구와 고농도의 IBA에서 발근율이 80% 이상 높게 나타나 번식이 양호한 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

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