Fig. 1. Schematic of manufacturing process of the carbon paper with phenol resins and carbon fillers
Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of the test for interfacial contact resistance
Fig. 3. Density of pitch-based carbon paper with phenol resins and carbon filler contents
Fig. 4. Morphologies of pitch-based carbon paper with phenol resins and carbon filler contents
Fig. 5. XRD patterns of pitch-based carbon paper with phenol resins and carbon filler contents
Fig. 6. Tensile strength of pitch-based carbon paper with phenol resins and carbon filler contents
Fig. 7. Electrical properties of pitch-based carbon paper with phenol resins and carbon filler contents; (a) surface resistance and (b) electrical conductivity
Fig. 8. Interfacial contact resistivity of pitch-based carbon paper with phenol resins and carbon filler contents
Fig. 9. Thermal conductivity of pitch-based carbon paper with phenol resins and carbon filler contents
Fig. 10. Thermo-graphic camera images of pitch-based carbon paper with phenol resins and carbon filler contents according to applied voltages of 5 V
Fig. 11. Time-dependent temperature changes of carbon paper at applied voltages of 5 V
Table 1. Experimental Names of the Samples
Table 2. Properties of pitch-based carbon paper with phenol resins and carbon filler contents
Table 3. Heating temperature of pitch-based carbon paper with phenol resins and carbon filler contents
References
- Kongahge, D., Foroughi, J., Gambhir, S., M. Spinks, G., and G. Wallace, G., "Fabrication of a Graphene Coated Nonwoven Textile for Industrial Applications", RSC Advances, Vol. 6, 2016, pp. 73203-73209. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA15190F
- You, Y.J., "Thermally Conductive Polymer", News and Information for Chemical Engineers, Vol. 30, No. 1, 2012, pp. 66-73.
- Yang, J.Y., Ko, J.K., Kim, B.S., and Seo, M.K., "Application and Standardization Trend of Carbon Fiber during the Fourth Industrial Revolution", Fiber Technology and Industry, Vol. 21, No. 4, 2017, pp. 263-272.
- Bae, K.Y., Lee, K.S., Kong, T.W., Chung, H.S., Jeong, H.Y., and Chung, H.T., "A Study on Application of Warm Air Circulator by Using the Carbon Heating Element with Particle Type", Journal of the Korean Society for Power System Engineering, Vol. 7, 2003, pp. 31-37.
- Zhao, J., Jian, Q., Zhang, N., Luo, L., Huang, B., and Cao, S., "The Improvement on Drying Performance and Energy Efficiency of a Tumbler Clothes Dryer with a Novel Electric Heating Element", Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 128, 2018, pp. 531-538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.09.045
- Lee, K.S., Bea, K.Y., Jeong, H.M., Chung, H.S., Lee, K.Y., and Chun, J.S., "Heat and Electrical Characteristics of Carbon Heating Rod", Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. 5, 2002, pp. 1412-1417.
- Park, J.Y., and Lee, J.D., "Electrical Properties of Carbon Black Composites for Flexible Fiber Heating Element", Journal of the Korean Oil Chemists Society, Vol. 32, No. 3, 2015, pp. 405-411. https://doi.org/10.12925/jkocs.2015.32.3.405
- Park, S.J., Seo, M.K., Park, M.L., and Kim, H.Y., Carbon Materials, Myoungmoon Pub. Co., Seoul, Republic of Korea, 2015.
- Lee, J.H., Yoo, Y.J., and Park, S.J., "Preparation and Electrical Properties of Carbon Paper Using Chopped Carbon Fiber", Applied Chemistry for Engineering, Vol. 24, No. 2, 2013, pp. 121-125.
- Hong, J.H., Park, D.W., and Shim, S.E., "A Review on Thermal Conductivity of Polymer Composites Using Carbon-Based Fillers : Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Fibers", Carbon Letters, Vol. 11, No. 4, 2010, pp. 347-356. https://doi.org/10.5714/CL.2010.11.4.347
- Sanada, K., Tada, Y., and Shindo, Y., "Thermal Conductivity of Polymer Composites with Close-Packed Structure of Nano and Micro Fillers", Composites: Part A, Vol. 40, 2009, pp. 724-730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.02.024
- Ham, E.K., Yoon, D.H., Kim, B.S., and Seo, M.K., "Characterization of Milled Carbon Fibers-filled Pitch-based Carbon Paper for Gas Diffusion Layer", Composites Reserch, Vol. 29, No. 5, 2016, pp. 262-268. https://doi.org/10.7234/composres.2016.29.5.262
- Choi, K.E., Park, C.H., and Seo, M.K., "Electrical and Resistance Heating Properties of Carbon Fiber Heating Element for Car Seat", Applied Chemistry for Engineering, Vol. 27, No. 2, 2016, pp. 210-216. https://doi.org/10.14478/ace.2016.1018
- Pyo, D.W., Eom, S.Y., Lee, Y.S., and Ryu, S.G., "Exothermic Characteristics of PAN-based Carbon Fiber According to High Temperature Treatment", Korean Chemical Engineering Research, Vol. 49, No. 2, 2011, pp. 218-223. https://doi.org/10.9713/kcer.2011.49.2.218
- Heo, Y.J., Park, M., Kang, W.S., Rhee, K.Y., and Park, S.J., "Preparation and Characterization of Carbon Black/pitchbased Carbon Fiber Paper Composites for Gas Diffusion Layers", Composites Part B, Vol. 159, 2019, pp. 362-368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.09.108
- Park, S.J., Kim, K.S., and Lee, J.R., "Thermal and Mechanical Interfacial Properties of Expanded Graphite/Epoxy Composites", Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 15, 2004, pp. 493-498.
- Yang, J.Y., Park, S.H., Park, S.J., and Seo, M.K., "Preparation and Characteristic of Carbon/Carbon Composites with Coal-tar and Petroleum Binder Pitches", Applied Chemistry for Engineering, Vol. 26, 2015, pp. 406-412. https://doi.org/10.14478/ace.2015.1035
- Assumma, L., Nguyen, H.D., Iojoiu, C., Lyonnard, S., Mercier, R., and Espuche, E., "Effects of Block Length and Membrane Processing Conditions on the Morphology and Properties of Perfluorosulfonated Poly(arylene ester sulfone) Multiblock Copolymer Membranes for PEMFC", Applied Materials Interfaces, Vol. 7, 2015, pp. 13808-13820. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b01835
- Ko, T.J., Kim, S.H., Hong, B.K., Lee, K.R., Oh, K.H., and Moon, M.W., "High Performance Gas Diffusion Layer with Hydrophobic Nanolayer under a Supersaturated Operation Condition for Fuel Cells", Applied Materials Interfaces, Vol. 7, 2015, pp. 5506-5513. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b00088
- Lee, J.H., Yoo, Y.J., and Park, S.J., "Preparation and Electrical Properties of Carbon Paper Using Chopped Carbon Fiber", Applied Chemistry for Engineering, Vol. 24, No. 2, 2013, pp. 121-125.
- Lewin, M., and Preston, J., Handbook of Fiber Science and Technology: Vol. III, High Technology Fibers: Part A, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1985.
- Lim, J.W., Kim, M.K., and Lee, D.G., "Development of Thermoplastic Carbon Composite Bipolar Plates for High-temperature PEM Fuel Cells", Composites Research, Vol. 29, 2016, pp. 243-248. https://doi.org/10.7234/composres.2016.29.5.243
- Khandelwal, M., and Mench, M.M., "Direct Measurement of Though-plane Thermal Conductivity and Contact Resistance in Fuel Cell Materials", Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 161, 2006, pp. 1106-1115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.06.092
-
Zamel, N., Litovsky, E., Li, X., and Kleiman, J., "Measurement of the Through-plane Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Paper Diffusion Media for the Temperature Range from -50 to +
$120^{\circ}C$ ", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 36, No. 2, 2011, pp. 12618-12625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.06.097 - Jeong, Y.G., and Jeon, G.W., "Microstructure and Performance of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube/m-Aramid Composites Films as Electric Heating Elements", Applied Materials and Interface, Vol. 5, 2013, pp. 6527-6534. https://doi.org/10.1021/am400892k
- Cho, J.H., and Hwang, H.S., "Image Processing Technology for Analyzing the Heating State of Carbon Fiber Surface Heating Element", Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial, Vol. 19, No. 2, 2018, pp. 683-688.