Fig. 1. Microscopic images of surface for 0.3 mm diameter Z-pin
Fig. 2. SEM images of surface for Z-pin
Fig. 3. Specimen configuration (unit : mm) [21]
Fig. 4. Conceptual diagram for making specimen [21]
Fig. 5. Typical acrylic mould for Z-pinning
Fig. 6. Z-pins arrangement
Fig. 7. Test set-up and fixtures
Fig. 8. Load-deflection curves of hat joint Z-pinned with 0.5% density
Fig. 9. Failure development of hat joint with 0.5% Z-pin density
Fig. 10. Failure strength and bonded area between laminate and Z-pin (0.5% density)
Fig. 11. Load-deflection curves of hat joint Z-pinned with 2.0% density
Fig. 12. Failure development of hat joint with 2.0% Z-pin density
Fig. 13. Failure strength and bonded area between laminate and Z-pin (2.0% density)
Fig. 14. Load-deflection curves of hat joint Z-pinned by 0.3 mm diameter pins with 2.0% density
Table 1. Test matrix
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