Korean Journal of Plant Resources (한국자원식물학회지)

The Plant Resources Society of Korea (한국자원식물학회)
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Changes in Free Amino Acid, Carotenoid, and Proline Content in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. Pekinensis) in Response to Drought Stress

  • Shawon, Rayhan Ahmed (Department of Horticulture Industry (Good Agriculture Management Center), Wonkwang University) ;
  • Kang, Baek Song (Department of Horticulture Industry (Good Agriculture Management Center), Wonkwang University) ;
  • Kim, Ho Cheol (Department of Horticulture Industry (Good Agriculture Management Center), Wonkwang University) ;
  • Lee, Sang Gyu (Division of Smart Development, Department of Agricultural Engineering, NAAS, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Sung Kyeom (Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Hee Ju (Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Bae, Jong Hyang (Department of Horticulture Industry (Good Agriculture Management Center), Wonkwang University) ;
  • Ku, Yang Gyu (Department of Horticulture Industry (Good Agriculture Management Center), Wonkwang University)
  • Received : 2018.09.11
  • Accepted : 2018.11.06
  • Published : 2018.12.31
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Abstract

Chinese cabbage grown during autumn season is confronted with drought conditions for a certain period, especially during the early growth stage. In this study, we investigated the effects of drought stress on plant growth characteristics, as well as free amino acid, carotenoid, and proline in Chinese cabbage. Chinese cabbage seeds (Bulam Plus) were germinated, and all the seedlings were transplanted into plastic containers (28 cm diameter ${\times}$ 22 cm high) containing a commercial growth medium. The soil water content was measured and maintained at 10% for the drought-stressed plants and at 30% for the control plants, for three weeks. The results revealed that plant growth parameters were lower in the drought-stressed plants than in the control plants. The total free amino acid content tended to decrease in both drought-stressed and control plants with time. The total free amino acid content was found to be lower in the drought-stressed plants than in the control plants and the proline content was unaffected. Moreover, at three weeks after treatment, carotenoid content in drought stressed plants was significantly higher than that in the untreated plants. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because the effects of drought stress on plant growth parameters, free amino acid, carotenoids, and proline accumulation in autumn growing cultivar of Chinese cabbage have not been widely studied in Korea, and our study provides valuable information in this regard, as Chinese cabbage is consumed throughout the year in Korea.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Growing stage of Chinese cabbage both growing control (A) and growing drought-treated (B). The soil water content in control plant and drought-treated plant was maintained at 10% and 30%, respectively.

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Fig. 2. Effect of drought stress on soil water content for three weeks. The soil water content in drought-stressed plants was measured and maintained at 10% by Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR). The control plants were maintained at 30% soil water content during the experiment period.

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Fig. 3. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of total free amino acid in Chinese cabbage at 1 week after drought stress. The soil water content in control plant and drought-treated plant was maintained at 10% and 30%, respectively. 1, Aspartate; 2, Glutamate; 3, Asparagine; 4, Serine; 5, Vitamin U; 6, Glutamine; 7, Histidine; 8, Glycine; 9, Threonine; 10, Arginine; 11, Alanine; 12, GABA; 13, Tyrosine; 14, Cystine; 15, Valine; 16, Methionine; 17, Norvaline; 18, Tryptophan; 19, Phenylalanine; 20, Isoleucine; 21, Leucine; 22, Lysine.

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Fig. 4. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of carotenoid in Chinese cabbage at 2 weeks after drought stress. The soil water content in control plant and drought-treated plant was maintained at 10% and 30%, respectively. 1, Lutein; 2, Zeaxanthin; 3, α-Carotene; 4, β-Carotene.

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Fig. 5. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of proline in Chinese cabbage at 2 weeks after drought stress. The soil water content in control plant and drought-treated plant was maintained at 10% and 30%, respectively.

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Fig. 6. Effect of drought stress on proline content in Chinese cabbage. Line above the bar represents the standard deviation of the mean (n = 5).

Table 1. Effect of drought stress on leaf number, leaf area and fresh weight of Chinese cabbage

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Table 2. Effect of drought stress on individual free-amino acid content in Chinese cabbage

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Table 3. Effect of drought stress on total carotenoid content in Chinese cabbage

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