Particle and aerosol research (한국입자에어로졸학회지)

Korean Association for Particle and Aerosol Research (한국입자에어로졸학회)
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Estimation of PM10 and PM2.5 inhalation dose by travel time and respiratory volume in common transport microenvironments in Seoul, Korea

서울지역 교통수단별 이동시간과 호흡량을 고려한 미세먼지 흡입량 추정에 관한 연구

  • Lee, Yong-Il (Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute) ;
  • Jung, Wonseck (Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute) ;
  • Hwang, Doyeon (Department of Development, Sentec) ;
  • Kim, Taesung (Mechanical Engineering, Sung Kyun Kwan University) ;
  • Park, Duckshin (Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute)
  • 이용일 (한국철도기술연구원 교통환경연구팀) ;
  • 정원석 (한국철도기술연구원 교통환경연구팀) ;
  • 황도연 (센텍(주) 개발부) ;
  • 김태성 (성균관대학교 기계공학과) ;
  • 박덕신 (한국철도기술연구원 교통환경연구팀)
  • Received : 2018.11.19
  • Accepted : 2018.11.30
  • Published : 2018.12.31
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Abstract

Recently, people's interest in particulate matter (PM) has been increasing, due to its hazardous health effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentrations and as well as the inhaled weight of PM, correlated with person's heart rate in subway, bus, vehicle and bicycle in the major public transportation (Sadang - Jamsil and Nowon - Dongdaemun) in Seoul. The concentration of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ were measured from each of transportation means and calculated the average concentrations which were 87.2 and $57.8{\mu}g/m^3$ for subway, 62.8 and $42.5{\mu}g/m^3$ for vehicle, 61.5 and $36.8{\mu}g/m^3$ for bus and 53.0 and $29.4{\mu}g/m^3$ for bicycle in $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ respectively. Inhalation dose for $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ were estimated at 248.1 and $139.4{\mu}g$ for bicycle, 56.7 and $39.3{\mu}g$ for vehicle, 49.4 and $29.9{\mu}g$ for bus and 44.3 and $29.1{\mu}g$ for subway, respectively. Even though subway had the highest concentration, the highest inhalation dose was the bicycle. It was due to the long travel time-exposure and breathing rate which leads to maximum of $PM_{10}$ 5.6 and $PM_{2.5}$ with 4.8 times inhalation dose comparing with other modes of transportation. With regards to future studies, the amount of inhalation in each transportation means should be considered in risk assessments of PM.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Measurement route in Seoul.

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Fig. 2. Travel time and speed depending mode of transportaion at each route.

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Fig. 3. Mass concentration of each mode of transportation.

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Fig. 4. Heart rate at each mode of transportation.

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Fig. 5. Inhalation dose of PM and other factors at each mode of transportation.

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Fig. 6. Inhalation dose of PM2.5 per distance and time at each mode of transportation.

Table 1. Exposure factors of breathing rate.

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Table 2. Summary of the measurement and estimation value in Seoul area.

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