FIG. 1. Schematic diagram of glide path scan of LIDAR.
FIG. 2. The headwind profiles with common windshear (b) and special windshear that contains a flat area (a).
FIG. 3. The flowchart of the proposed approach for windshear detection.
FIG. 4. Schematic diagram of simplification method: the first iteration (a), the second iteration (b) and final simplified signal (c). The curve and straight lines express the original and simplified signals, respectively.
FIG. 5. Flat area detection with linear simplification method and a two-dimensional threshold.
FIG. 6. Three artificial test signals: the common windshear (a), the windshear divided by a flat area (b) and one disturbed by a peak (c).
FIG. 7. Two real headwind profiles are divided by flat areas on.8:25 UTC 12 March 2007 (a) and 8:28 UTC 12 March 2007 (b). The ramp algorithm is used to determine the windshear ranges, shown as dashed boxes. Flat areas are marked by vals. Additionally, we display the simplified curve with dashed lines. (a) Pilot report: windshear 10 kt. (b) Pilot report: non-windshear.
FIG. 8. The range errors of headwind profiles caused by smoothing (a) and flat area (c), and the false alarms of ones caused by smoothing (b) and flat area (d). The solid and dashed line boxes indicate the ramp algorithm and our method respectively.
FIG. 9. The performance of low-level windshear alerting on corridors 07LA (a) and 25RA (b) at HKIA using two methods along glide-paths over January to September, 2014-2016.
TABLE 1. Three possible cases after signal processing with two kinds of “smoothing method”
TABLE 2. The detection results using two methods in different SNR
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