Fig. 6 Schematic diagram of module circuit for driving applications using energy generator and storage device.
Fig. 1 (a) Invention of piezoelectric nanogenerator using vertically grown ZnO nanorods array with AFM tip.5) (b) Stretchable piezoelectric nanogenerator using wavy structured PZT Nanoribon on PDMS substrate.23) (c) Piezoelectric nanogenerator using micropatterned piezoelectric polymer P(VDF-TrFE).28)
Fig. 2 (a) Monolayer top view geometry of (a) boron nitride (h-BN) and trigonal prismatic molybdenum disulfide (2HMoS2) with piezoelectric polarization, and calculated piezoelectric coefficient of TMDC.37) (b) Probing the piezoelectric property of free-standing monolayer MoS2 using piezoresponse force microscopy technique.38) (c) Experimental demonstration of the piezoelectric property of monolayer MoS2 based piezoelectric device.6) (d) Investigation of piezoelectric property of turbostratic stacking structured bilayer WSe2 based piezoelectric device.39)
Fig. 3. (a) Supramolecular packing directs piezoelectric response in glycine amino acid crystals (left), and Simple energy harvesting method using ¥ᾶ-glycine crystals (right).43) (b) Growth of vertical FF peptide microrod arrays with controlled polarization and statistics of piezoelectric polarization direction of vertically grown FF peptide microrod measured by PFM method.46) (c) Schematic diagram depicting the fabrication process to create large-scale peptide nanotube arrays through meniscus-driven self-assembly, and unidirectional polarization of FF piezoelectric nanotubes measured by PFM method.47)
Fig. 4 (a) Schematic illustration of power generation mechanism of triboelectric nanogenerator. (b) The four fundamental modes of triboelectric nanogenerator (vertical contact mode, lateral sliding mode, single electrode mode, and free-standing mode).
Fig. 5 (a) Development of the triboelectric nanogenerator using micropatterned PDMS layer.49) (b) Development of the triboelectric nanogenerator using nano-porous structured PDMS layer.50) (c) Development of the textile-based wearable triboelectric nanogenerator using nanostructured PDMS layer, and demonstration of the Self-powered commercial LCD, LEDs, and a remote control (keyless vehicle entry system).51)
Fig. 7 (a) Device structure of self-charging power cell by hybridizing a piezoelectric PVDF layer and a Li-ion battery, and (b) the working mechanism of the self-charging power cell driven by compressive strain.57)
Fig. 8 (a) Schematic illustration for the working mechanism of the self-charging of hybrid piezoelectric-supercapacitor. (b) Self-charging profile of the hybrid piezoelectric-supercapacitor under an applied compressive force, and comparison of the charging voltage of the hybrid piezoelectric-supercapacitor under various applied compressive forces.65)
References
- J. Oh, H.-C. Yuan and H. M. Branz, 'An 18.2%-efficient black-silicon solar cell achieved through control of carrier recombination in nanostructures', Nat. Nanotechnol., 7, 743 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2012.166
- Y. Qin, X. Wang and Z. L. Wang, 'Microfibre-nanowire hybrid structure for energy scavenging', Nature, 451, 809 (2007)
- M. Gratzel, 'Photoelectrochemical cells', Nature, 414, 338 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1038/35104607
- A. C. Dilion, K. M. Jones, T. A. Bekkedahl, C. H. Kiang, D. S. Bethune and M. J. Heben, 'Storage of hydrogen in single-walled carbon nanotubes', Nature, 386, 377 (1997) https://doi.org/10.1038/386377a0
- Z. L. Wang and J. Song, 'Piezoelectric nanogenerators based on zinc oxide nanowire arrays', Science, 312, 242 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1124005
-
W. Wu, L. Wang, Y. Li, F. Zhang, L. Lin, S. Niu, D. Chenet, X. Zhang, Y. Hao, T. F. Heinz, J. Hone and Z. L. Wang, 'Piezoelectricity of single-atomic-layer
$MoS_2$ for energy conversion and piezotronics', Nature, 514, 470 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13792 - S. Xu, Y. Qin, C. Xu, Y. Wei, R. Yang and Z. L. Wang, 'Self-powered nanowire devices', Nat. Nanotechnol., 5, 366 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2010.46
- F.-R. Fan, Z.-Q. Tian and Z. L. Wang, 'Flexible triboelectric generator', Nano Energy, 1, 328 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2012.01.004
- G. Zhu, J. Chen, T. Zhang, Q. Jing and Z. L. Wang, 'Radial-arrayed rotary electrification for high performance triboelectric generator', Nat. Commun., 5, 3426 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4426
- Q. Jing, Y. Xie, G. Zhu, R. P. S. Han and Z. L. Wang, 'Self-powered thin-film motion vector sensor', Nat. Commun., 5, 8031 (2015)
- S. Kim, T. Y. Kim, K. H. Lee, T.-H. Kim, F. A. Cimini, S. K. Kim, R. Hinchet, S.-W. Kim, C. Falconi, 'Rewritable ghost floating gates by tunnelling triboelectrification for two-dimensional electronics', Nat. Commun., 8, 15891 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15891
- B. Y. Lee, J. Zhang, C. Zueger, W. J. Chung, S. Y. Yoo, E. Wang, J. Meyer, R. Ramesh, and S. W. Lee. 'Virusbased Piezoelectric Energy Generation', Nat. Nanotechnol., 7, 351 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2012.69
- C. Dagdeviren, B.D. Yang, Y. Su, P.L. Tran, P. Joe, E. Anderson, J. Xia, V. Doraiswamy, B. Dehdashti, X. Feng, B. Lu, R. Poston, Z. Khalpey, R. Ghaffari, Y. Huang, M.J. Slepian and J.A. Rogers, 'Conformal Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting and Storage From Motions of the Heart, Lung, and Diaphragm,' Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 111, 1927 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1317233111
- J.-M. Tarascon, 'Issues and challenges facing lithium batteries', Nature, 414, (2001)
- T. H. Kim, J. S. Park, S. K. Chang, S. Choi, J. H. Ryu, H. K. Song, 'The current move of lithium ion batteries towards the next phase', Adv. Energy Mater., 2, (2012)
- B. Dunn, H. Kamath, and J.-M. Tarascon, 'Electrical Energy Storage for the Grid: A Battery of Choices', SCIENCE, 334, 928 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1212741
- Y.-K. Sun, Z. Chen, H.-J. Noh, D.-J. Lee, H.-G. Jung, Y. Ren, S. Wang, C. S. Yoon, S.-T. Myung, and K. Amine, 'Nanostructured High-Energy Cathode Materials for Advanced Lithium Batteries', Nat. Mater., 11, 942-947 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3435
- J. Curie, P. Curie, 'development par compression de l'electricite polaire dans les cristaux hemiedres a faces inclines', Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Paris 91, 294 (1880).
- M.-P. Lu, J. Song, M.-Y. Lu, M.-T. Chen, Y. Gao, L.-J. Chen and Z. L. Wang, 'Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Using p-Type ZnO Nanowire Arrays', Nano Lett., 9, 1223 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1021/nl900115y
- C.-T. Huang, J. Song, W.-F. Lee, Y. Ding, Z. Gao, Y. Hao, L.-J. Chen and Z. L. Wang, 'GaN Nanowire Arrays for High-Output Nanogenerators' J. Am. Chem. Soc., 132, 4766 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1021/ja909863a
- Y.-F. Lin, J. Song, Y. Ding, S.-Y. Lu and Z. L. Wang, 'Alternating the Output of a CdS Nanowire Nanogenerator by a White?Light?Stimulated Optoelectronic Effect', Adv. Mater., 20, 3127 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200703236
- C.-T. Huang, J. Song, C.-M. Tsai, W.-F. Lee, D.-H. Lien, Z. Gao, Y. Hao, L.-J. Chen and Z. L. Wang, 'Single-InNNanowire Nanogenerator with Upto 1 V Output Voltage', Adv. Mater., 22, 4008 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201000981
- Y. Qi, J. Kim, T. D. Nguyen, B. Lisko, P. L. Purohit, and M. C. McAlpine, 'Enhanced Piezoelectricity and Stretchability in Energy Harvesting Devices Fabricated from Buckled PZT Ribbons', Nano Lett., 11, 1331 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1021/nl104412b
-
Z. Wang, J. Hu, A. P. Suryavanshi, K. Yum and M.-F. Yu, 'Voltage Generation from Individual
$BaTiO_3$ Nanowires under Periodic Tensile Mechanical Load', Nano Lett., 7, 2966 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1021/nl070814e -
J. H. Jung, C.-Y. Chen, B. K. Yun, N. Lee, Y. Zhou, W. Jo, L-J. Chou and Z. L. Wang, 'Lead-free
$KNbO_3$ ferroelectric nanorod based flexible nanogenerators and capacitors', Nanotechnology, 23, 375401 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/23/37/375401 -
J. H. Jung, M. Lee, J.-I. Hong, Y. Ding, C.-Y. Chen, L.- J. Chou and Z. L. Wang, 'Lead-Free
$NaNbO_3$ Nanowires for a High Output Piezoelectric Nanogenerator' ACS Nano, 5, 10041 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1021/nn2039033 - C. Chang, V. H. Tran, J. Wang, Y.-K. Fuh and L. Lin, 'Direct-Write Piezoelectric Polymeric Nanogenerator with High Energy Conversion Efficiency', Nano Lett., 10, 726 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1021/nl9040719
- J.-H. Lee, K. Y. Lee, M. K. Gupta, T. Y. Kim, D.-Y. Lee, J. Oh, C. Ryu, W. J. Yoo, C.-Y. Kang, S.-J. Yoon, J.-B. Yoo, S.-W. Kim, 'Highly Stretchable Piezoelectric- Pyroelectric Hybrid Nanogenerator', Adv. Mater., 26, 765 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201303570
- Q. Yang, W. wang, S. Xu, and Z. L. Wang, 'Enhancing Light Emission of ZnO Microwave-Based Diodes by Piezo-Phototronic Effect', Nano Lett., 11, 4012 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1021/nl202619d
- Q. Yang, X. Guo, W. Wang, Y. Zhang, S. Xu, D. H. Lien, and Z. L. Wang, 'Enhancing Sensitivity of a Single ZnO Micro-/Nanowire Photodetector by Piezo-phototronic Effect' ACS Nano, 4, 6285 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1021/nn1022878
- Y. Yang, W. Guo, Y. Zhang, Y. Ding, X. Wang, and Z. L. Wang, 'Piezotronic Effect on the Output Voltage of P3HT/ZnO Micro/Nanowire Heterojunction Solar Cells', Nano Lett., 11, 4812 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1021/nl202648p
- M. T. Ong, K.-A. N. Duerloo, and E. J. Reed, 'The Effect of Hydrogen and Fluorine Coadsorption on the Piezoelectric Properties of Graphene', J. Phys. Chem. C, 117, 3615 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1021/jp3112759
- M. N. Blonsky, H. L. Zhuang, A. K. Singh, and R. G. Hennig, 'Ab Initio Prediction of Piezoelectricity in Two- Dimensional Materials', ACS Nano, 9, 9885 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b03394
- T. Li, K. Y. Zeng, 'Nano-hierarchical structure and electromechanical coupling properties of clamshell', J. Struct. Biol. 180, 73 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2012.06.004
- N. Mikami, M. Honma, 'Ferroelectric liquid crystal alignment films utilizing poly(DL-amino acid)s and fibrous proteins', japan. j. pol. sci. tech. 56, 396 (1999).
- N. Amdursky, P. Beker, J. Schklovsky, E. Gazit, G. Rosenman, 'Ferroelectric and Related Phenomena in Biological and Bioinspired Nanostructures', Ferroelectrics 399, 107 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1080/00150193.2010.489871
- K.-A. N. Duerloo, M. T. Ong, and E. Reed, 'Intrinsic Piezoelectricity in Two-Dimensional Materials', J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 3, 2871 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1021/jz3012436
-
H. Zhu, Y. Wang, J. Xiao, M. Liu, S. Xiong, Z. J. Wong, Z. Ye, Y. Ye, X. Yin, and X. Zhang, 'Observation of piezoelectricity in free-standing monolayer
$MoS_2$ ' Nat. Nanotechnol. 10, 151 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2014.309 - J.-H. Lee, J. Y. Park, E. B. Cho, T. Y. Kim, S. A. Han, T.-H. Kim, Y. Liu, S. K. Kim, C. J. Roh, H.-J. Yoon, H. Ryu, W. Seung, J. S. Lee, J. Lee, S.-W. Kim, 'Reliable Piezoelectricity in Bilayer WSe2 for Piezoelectric Nanogenerators', Adv. Mater., 29, 1606667 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201606667
- J. C. Anderson, C. Eriksson, 'Piezoelectric Properties of Dry and Wet Bone', Nature 227, 491 (1970) https://doi.org/10.1038/227491a0
- E. Fukada, 'Piezoelectricity of Wood', J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 10, 149 (1955) https://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.10.149
- H. Athenstaedt, H. Claussen, D. Schaper, 'Epidermis of Human-Skin - Pyroelectric and Piezoelectric Sensor Layer', Science 216, 1018 (1982) https://doi.org/10.1126/science.6177041
- S. Guerin, A. Stapleton, D. Chovan, R. Mouras, M. Gleeson, C. McKeown, M. R. Noor, C. Silien, F. M. F. Rhen, A. L. Kohlkin, N. Liu, T. Soulimane, S. A. M. Tofail, and D. Thompson, 'Control of piezoelectricity in amino acids by supramolecular packing', Nat. Mater., 17, 180(2018) https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat5045
- A. Kholkin, N. Amdursky, I. Bdikin, E. Gazit, G. Rosenman, 'Strong Piezoelectricity in Bioinspired Peptide Nanotubes', ACS Nano 4, 610 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1021/nn901327v
- S. Vasilev, P. Zelenovskiy, D. Vasileva, A. Nuraeva, V. Y. Shur, A. L. Kholkin, 'Piezoelectric properties of diphenylalanine microtubes prepared from the solution', J. Phys. Chem. Solids. 93, 68 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2016.02.002
- V. Nguyen, R. Zhu, K. Jenkins, R. S. Yang, 'Selfassembly of diphenylalanine peptide with controlled polarization for power generation', Nat. Commun. 7, 13566 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13566
- J.-H. Lee, K. Heo, K. Schulz-Schonhagen, J. H. Lee, M. S. Desai, H.-E. Jin, S.-W. Lee, 'Diphenylalanine Peptide Nanotube Energy Harvesters', ACS Nano, 12, 8138 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b03118
- Z. L. Wang, 'Triboelectric nanogenerator as new energy technology and self-powered sensors - Principles, problems and perspectives', Faraday Discuss., 176, 447 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1039/C4FD00159A
- F.-R. Fan, L. Lin, G. Zhu, W. Wu, R. Zhang, and Z. L. Wang, 'Transparent Triboelectric Nanogenerators and Self-Powered Pressure Sensors Based on Micropatterned Plastic Films' Nano Lett., 12, 3109 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1021/nl300988z
- K. Y. Lee, J. Chun, J.-H. Lee, K. N. Kim, N.-R. Kang, J.-Y. Kim, M. H. Kim, K.-S. Shin, M. K. Gupta, J. M. Baik, and S.-W. Kim, 'Hydrophobic Sponge Structure- Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator', Adv. Mater., 26, 5037 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201401184
- W. Seung, M. K. Gupta, K. Y. Lee, K.-S. Shin, J.-H. Lee, T. Y. Kim, S. Kim, J. Lin, J. H. Kim, and S.-W. Kim, 'Nanopatterned Textile-Based Wearable Triboelectric Nanogenerator', 9, 3501 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1021/nn507221f
- K. Y. Lee, J. Bae, S. Kim, J.-H. Lee, G. C. Yoon, M. K. Gupta, S. Kim, H. Kim, J. Park and S.-W. Kim, 'Depletion width engineering via surface modification for high performance semiconducting piezoelectric nanogenerators', Nano Energy, 8, 165 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2014.06.008
- G.-T. Hwang, H. Park, J.-H. Lee, S. Oh, K.-I. Park, M. Byun, H. Park, G. Ahn, C. K. Jeong, K. No, H. Kwon, S.-G. Lee, B. Joung and K. J. Lee, 'Self?Powered Cardiac Pacemaker Enabled by Flexible Single Crystalline PMN-PT Piezoelectric Energy Harvester', Adv. Mater., 26, 4880 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201400562
- K. N. Kim, J. Chun, J. W. Kim, K. Y. Lee, J.-U. Park, S.-W. Kim, Z. L. Wang and J. M. Baik, 'Highly Stretchable 2D Fabrics for Wearable Triboelectric Nanogenerator under Harsh Environments' ACS Nano, 9, 6394 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b02010
- G.-T. Hwang, Y. Kim, J.-H. Lee, S. Oh. C. K. Jeong, D. Y. Park, J. Ryu, H. Kwon, S.-G. Lee, B. Joung, D. Kim and K. J. Lee, 'Self-powered deep brain stimulation via a flexible PIMNT energy harvester' Energy Environ. Sci., 8, 2677 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1039/C5EE01593F
- G. A. Lesieutre, G. K. Ottman and H. F. Hofmann, 'Damping as a result of piezoelectric energy harvesting', J. Sound Vib., 269, 991 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-460X(03)00210-4
- X. Xue, S. Wang, W. Guo, Y. Zhang and Z. L. Wang, 'Hybridizing Energy Conversion and Storage in a Mechanical-to-Electrochemical Process for Self-Charging Power Cell', Nano Lett., 12, 5048 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1021/nl302879t
- X. Xue, P. Deng, S. Yuan, Y. Nie, B. He, L. Xing and Y. Zhang, 'CuO/PVDF nanocomposite anode for a piezodriven self-charging lithium battery', Energy Environ. Sci., 6, 2615 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ee41648h
- X. Xue, P. Deng, B. He, Y. Nie, L. Xing, Y. Zhang and Z. L. Wang, 'Flexible Self-Charging Power Cell for One- Step Energy Conversion and Storage', Adv. Energy Mater., 4, 1301329 (2013)
- Y.-S. Kim, Y. Xie, X. Wen, S. Wang, S. J. Kim, H.-K. Song and Z. L. Wang, 'Highly porous piezoelectric PVDF membrane as effective lithium ion transfer channels for enhanced self-charging power cell', Nano Energy, 14, 77 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.01.006
- Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, X. Xue, C. Cui, B. He, Y. Nie, P. Deng and Z. L. Wang, 'PVDF-PZT nanocomposite film based self-charging power cell', Nanotechnology, 25, 105401 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/25/10/105401
- R. Song, H. Jin, X. Li, L Fei, Y. Zhao, H. Huang, H. L.- W. Chan, Y. Wang and Y. Chai, 'A rectification-free piezo-supercapacitor with a polyvinylidene fluoride separator and functionalized carbon cloth electrodes', J. Mater. Chem. A 3, 14963 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TA03349G
- A. Ramadoss, B. Saravanakumar, S. W. Lee, Y.-S. Kim, S. J. Kim and Z. L. Wang, 'Piezoelectric-Driven Self- Charging Supercapacitor Power Cell', ACS Nano, 9, 4337 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b00759
- E. P. Gilshteyn, D. Amanbaev, M. V. Silibin, A. Sysa, V. A. Kondrashov, A. S. Anisimov, T. Kallio, and A. G. Nasibulin, Flexible self-powered piezo-supercapacitor system for wearable electronics, Nanotechnology, 29, 325501 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/aac658
-
P. Pazhamalai, K. Krishnamoorthy, V. K. Mariappan, S. Sahoo, S. Manoharan, and S.-J. Kim, A High Efficacy Self-Charging
$MoSe_2$ Solid-State Supercapacitor Using Electrospun Nanofibrous Piezoelectric Separator with Ionogel Electrolyte, Adv. Mater. Interfaces, 5, 1800055 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201800055