Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy (한국수소및신에너지학회논문집)

The Korean Hydrogen and New Energy Society (한국수소및신에너지학회)
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Nickel Catalysts Supported on Ash-Free Coal for Steam Reforming of Toluene

무회분탄에 분산된 니켈 촉매의 톨루엔 수증기 개질

  • PRISCILLA, LIA (Clean Fuel Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research) ;
  • KIM, SOOHYUN (Clean Fuel Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research) ;
  • YOO, JIHO (Clean Fuel Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research) ;
  • CHOI, HOKYUNG (Clean Fuel Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research) ;
  • RHIM, YOUNGJOON (Clean Fuel Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research) ;
  • LIM, JEONGHWAN (Clean Fuel Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research) ;
  • KIM, SANGDO (Clean Fuel Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research) ;
  • CHUN, DONGHYUK (Clean Fuel Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research) ;
  • LEE, SIHYUN (Clean Fuel Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research)
  • ;
  • 김수현 (한국에너지기술연구원 청정연료연구실) ;
  • 유지호 (한국에너지기술연구원 청정연료연구실) ;
  • 최호경 (한국에너지기술연구원 청정연료연구실) ;
  • 임영준 (한국에너지기술연구원 청정연료연구실) ;
  • 임정환 (한국에너지기술연구원 청정연료연구실) ;
  • 김상도 (한국에너지기술연구원 청정연료연구실) ;
  • 전동혁 (한국에너지기술연구원 청정연료연구실) ;
  • 이시훈 (한국에너지기술연구원 청정연료연구실)
  • Received : 2018.08.31
  • Accepted : 2018.12.30
  • Published : 2018.12.30
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Abstract

Catalytic supports made of carbon have many advantages, such as high coking resistance, tailorable pore and surface structures, and ease of recycling of waste catalysts. Moreover, they do not require pre-reduction. In this study, ash-free coal (AFC) was obtained by the thermal extraction of carbonaceous components from raw coal and its performance as a carbon catalytic support was compared with that of well-known activated carbon (AC). Nickel was dispersed on the carbon supports and the resulting catalysts were applied to the steam reforming of toluene (SRT), a model compound of biomass tar. Interestingly, nickel catalysts dispersed on AFC, which has a very small surface area (${\sim}0.13m^2/g$), showed higher activity than those dispersed on AC, which has a large surface area ($1,173A/cm^2$). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the particle size of nickel deposited on AFC was smaller than that deposited on AC, with the average values on AFC ${\approx}11nm$ and on AC ${\approx}23nm$. This proved that heteroatomic functional groups in AFC, such as carboxyls, can provide ion-exchange or adsorption sites for the nano-scale dispersion of nickel. In addition, the pore structure, surface morphology, chemical composition, and chemical state of the prepared catalysts were analyzed using Brunauer-Emmett-Taylor (BET) analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR).

Keywords

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Fig. 1. N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms of AC

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Fig. 2. (a) TEM image of 24.4 Ni/AFC-Imp and (b) SEM image of 24.4 Ni/AFC-Imp

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Fig. 4. Catalytic activity of nickel supported on AFC for SRT

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Fig. 5. Catalytic activity of nickel supported on AC for SRT

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Fig. 7. FT-IR spectra of (a) AFC and 24.4 Ni/AFC-Imp, and (b) AC and 14.9 Ni/AC-IWI

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Fig. 3. (a) TEM image of 14.9 Ni/AC-IWI and (b) SEM image of 14.9 Ni/AC-IWI

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Fig. 6. XRD patterns of 24.4 Ni/AFC-Imp and 14.9 Ni/AC-IWI

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Fig. 8. H2-TPR profiles of 24.4 Ni/AFC-Imp and 14.9 Ni/AC-IWI catalyst

Table 1. Proximate/ultimate analysis of AFC and AC

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Table 2. Features of the synthesized catalyst samples

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Table 3. Pore characteristics of AFC and AC

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