FIG. 1. (Color online) Schematic diagram of electron tunneling in the vicinity of vacuum-level modification associated with a THz pulse, for (a) positive phase and (b) negative phase.
FIG. 2. (Color online) Calculated kinetic-energy distribution as a function of time (black curve), and tunneling current as a function of time (red curve), for a carrier-envelope phase (CEP) difference of (a) zero and (b) π/2. (c) Net tunneling current as a function of CEP difference. (d) Polar plot of the absolute value of the net tunneling current.
FIG. 3. (Color online) Calculated kinetic-energy spectrum for a CEP difference of (a) zero, (b) π/2, (c) π, and (d) 3π/2.
FIG. 4. (Color online) Log-log plot of calculated tunneling current as a function of THz field amplitude.
FIG. 5. (Color online) Calculated kinetic-energy distribution as a function of time (black curve), and tunneling current as a function of time (red curve), for a THz field amplitude of (a) 33.3 kV/cm and (b) 137 kV/cm. Calculated kinetic-energy spectrum for a THz field amplitude of (c) 33.3 kV/cm and (d) 137 kV/cm.
FIG. 6. (Color online) Schematic diagram of dc bias contribution plus THz electric field, for a CEP difference of (a) zero and (b) π. (c) Log-log plot of calculated tunneling current as a function of dc bias, for a CEP difference of zero (black solid square), π/2 and 3π/2 (blue open square), and π (red solid circle); (inset) linear plot of calculated tunneling current.
FIG. 7. (Color online) Calculated kinetic-energy distribution as a function of time (black curve), and tunneling current as a function of time (red curve), with 2 V applied bias, for a carrier-envelope phase (CEP) difference of (a) zero, (b) π/2, and (c) π. Calculated kinetic-energy spectrum for a CEP difference of (d) zero, (e) π/2, and (f) π.
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