References
- Noli F, Misaelides P, Riviere JP. Enhancement of the corrosion resistance of a Ti-based alloy by ion beam deposition methods. Methods Phys Res B. 2009; 267: 1670-4.
- Geetha M, Singh AK, Gogia AK, Asokamani R. Effect of thermomechanical processing on evolution of various phases in Ti-Nb-Zr alloys. J Alloys Compd. 2004; 384: 131-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.04.113
- Jeong YH, Choe HC, Brantley WA. Electrochemical and surface behavior of hydyroxyapatite/Ti film on nanotubular Ti-35Nb-xZr alloys. Appl Surf Sci. 2012; 258: 2129-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.03.086
- Mjoberg B, Hellquist E, Mallmin H, Lindh U. Aluminum, Alzheimer's disease and bone fragility. Acta Orthop Scand. 1997; 68: 511-4. https://doi.org/10.3109/17453679708999016
- Beyersmann D, Hartwig A. Carcinogenic metal compounds: recent insight into molecular and cellular mechanisms. Arch Toxicol. 2008; 82: 493-512. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-008-0313-y
-
Kobayashi S, Nakagawa S, Nakai K, Ohmori Y. Phase decomposition in a Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy during aging at
$600^{\circ}C$ . Mater Trans. 2002; 43: 2956-63. https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.43.2956 - Jeong YH, Kim EJ, Brantley WA, Choe HC. Morphology of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in coatings on nanotube-formed Ti-Nb-Zr alloys for dental implants. Vacuum. 2014; 107: 297-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2014.03.004
- Kim JU, Jeong YH, Choe HC. Measurement of oxide thin film dissolution rate on the HA-coated Ti alloy by scanning electron microscopy and impedance spectroscopy. Surf Interface Anal. 2012; 44: 1468-72. https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.4977
- Tada H, Yamamoto T, Wang X, Kato H. Effect of Al addition on superelastic properties of aged Ti-Nb-Zr-Al quaternary alloys. Mater Trans. 2012; 53: 1981-5. https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.M2012184
- Xue W, Krishna BV, Bandyopadhyay A, Bose S. Processing and biocompatibility evaluation of laser processed porous titanium. Acta Biomater. 2007; 3: 1007-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2007.05.009
- Liu Y, Enggist L, Kuffer AF, Buser D, Hunziker EB. The influence of BMP-2 and its mode of delivery on the osteoconductivity of implant surfaces during the early phase of osseointegration. Biomaterials. 2007; 28: 2677-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.02.003
- Mor GK, Shankar K, Paulose M, Varghese OK, Grimes CA. Use of highly-ordered TiO(2) nanotube arrays in dye-sensitized solar cells. Nano Lett. 2006; 6: 215-8. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl052099j
- Choe HC. Nanotubular surface and morphology of Ti-binary and Ti-ternary alloys for biocompatibility. Thin Solid Films. 2011; 519: 4652-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2011.01.011
- Jeong YH, Choe HC, Brantley WA. Nanostructured thin film formation on femtosecond laser-textured Ti-35Nb-xZr alloy for biomedical applications. Thin Solid Films. 2011; 519: 4668-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2011.01.014
- Park TE, Choe HC, Brantley WA. Bioactivity evaluation of porous TiO2 surface formed on titanium in mixed electrolyte by spark anodization. Surf Coat Technol. 2013; 235: 706-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.08.051
- Chu R, Yan J, Lian S, Wang Y, Yan F, Chen D. Shape-controlled synthesis of nanocrystalline titania at low temperature. Solid State Commun. 2004; 130: 789-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2004.04.013
- Lee CM, Ho WF, Ju CP, Chern Lin JH. Structure and properties of Titanium-25 Niobium-x iron alloys. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2002; 13: 695-700. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015798011434
-
Abdel-Hady M, Fuwa H, Hinoshita K, Kimura H, Shinzato Y, Morinaga M. Phase stability change with Zr content in
${\beta}$ -type Ti-Nb alloys. Scr Mater. 2007; 57: 1000-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.08.003 - Pathak A, Banumathy S, Sankarasubramanian R, Singh AK. Orthorhombic martensitic phase in Ti-Nb alloys: a first principles study. Computational Mater Sci. 2014; 83: 222-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2013.10.035
- Rao X, Chu CL, Zheng YY. Phase composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of porous Ti-Nb-Zr alloys prepared by a two-step foaming powder metallurgy method. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2014; 34: 27-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.02.001
-
Nie L, Zhan Y, Hu T, Chen X, Wang C.
${\beta}$ -Type Zr-Nb-Ti biomedical materials with high plasticity and low modulus for hard tissue replacements. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2014; 29: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.08.019 - Macak JM, Tsuchiya H, Ghicov A, Yasuda K, Hahn R, Bauer S, Schmuki P. TiO2 nanotubes: selforganized electrochemical formation, properties and applications. Curr Opin Solid State Mater Sci. 2007; 1: 3-18.
- Kim HJ, Jeong YH, Choe HC, Brantley WA. Surface characteristics of hydroxyapatite coatings on nanotubular Ti-25Ta-xZr alloys prepared by electrochemical deposition. Surf Coat Technol. 2014; 259: 274-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.03.013
- Jang SH, Choe HC, Ko YM, Brantley WA. Electrochemical characteristics of nanotubes formed on Ti-Nb alloys. Thin Solid Films. 2009; 517: 5038-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2009.03.166
- Choe HC, Kim WG, Jeong YH. Surface characteristics of HA coated Ti-30Ta-xZr and Ti-30NbxZr alloys after nanotube formation. Surf Coat Technol. 2010; 205: S305-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.08.020
- Kim ES, Jeong YH, Choe HC, Brantley WA. Formation of titanium dioxide nanotubes on Ti-30Nb-xTa alloys by anodizing. Thin Solid Films. 2013; 549: 141-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2013.08.058