Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment (환경영향평가)

Korean Society of Environmental Impact Assessment (한국환경영향평가학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Damage and Management by Invasive European Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Island

도서지역 굴토끼(Oryctolagus cuniculus) 침입에 따른 피해와 관리

  • Received : 2017.05.24
  • Accepted : 2017.10.10
  • Published : 2017.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the damage of plants in the islands due to the habitat and feeding of European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and to suggest future management plan. The survey area Beomseom Island is found to be a vegetation distribution type that was formed secondary by the exposure of artificial interference except for evergreen vegetation distribution and European rabbit showed high habitat track density mainly in the lumbering area. Kkamakseom Island was identified as a severe vegetation distribution area due to interference, and European rabbit showed high habitat track density around deciduous broad leaved forests. Feeding plants of European rabbit was identified as a total of 12 families 17 breeds. Total 9 families 11 breeds were found in Beomseom Island while 5 families 6 breeds were found in Kkamakseom where most available food resources were loss to European rabbit. As for vegetation index of Beomseom Island, about 6.6% of total island area was declined and the vegetation index of Kkamakseom Island was reduced at most area of the island. In Kkamakseom Island, the area where EVI decreased to less than -0.008 unit/yr was reduced to 5.2%, and the area where it was reduced to -0.008 to -0.006 unit/yr in total was 13.32% of the total area. Thus, it was estimated to be seriously damaged by vegetation. Therefore, immediate management is required.

본 연구는 도서지역에 침입한 굴토끼(Oryctolagus cuniculus)의 서식양상과 섭식 영향을 밝혀 효과적인 관리에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행되었다. 조사 대상지인 범섬과 까막섬은 도입식물의 식재, 답압, 경작활동 등 인위적 간섭에 의해 교란된 이차식생 유형이다. 범섬에 정착한 굴토끼는 벌채지를 중심으로 높은 흔적밀도를 보였고, 까막섬에 정착한 굴토끼는 낙엽활엽수림대를 중심으로 높은 흔적밀도를 나타내었다. 조사지역에서 확인된 굴토끼 섭식 가해 식물은 총 12과 17분류군으로 확인되었다. 범섬에서는 총 9과 11분류군의 섭식 가해 식물이 확인되었고, 먹이 가용 식물이 대부분 소실된 까막섬에서는 총 5과 6분류군의 섭식 가해 식물이 확인되었다. 범섬의 식생지수는 도서 전체 면적의 약 6.6% 감소하였고, 까막섬의 식생지수는 전체 도서지역에서 감소하였다. 까막섬은 Enhanced Vegetation Index가 -0.008unit/yr 이상 감소하는 지역이 전체의 5.2%였으며, -0.008~-0.006unit/yr으로 감소하는 지역은 전체의 13.32%로 확인되어 심각한 식생 교란과 생물다양성 손실이 예상되므로 도서생태계의 보전과 복원을 위한 즉각적인 관리가 필요하다.

Keywords

References

  1. Anyamba A, Tucker CJ. 2005. Analysis of Sahelian vegetation dynamics using NOAA-AVHRR NDVI data from 1981-2003. Journal of Arid Environments. 63(3): 596-614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.03.007
  2. Atkinson IA, Atkinson TJ. 2000. Land vertebrates as invasive species on islands served by the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme. Invasive Species in the Pacific: A Technical Review and Draft Regional Strategy. South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, Samoa. 19-84.
  3. Bell DJ, Webb NJ. 1991. Effects of climate on reproduction in the European wild rabbit. Journal of Zoology. 224: 639-648. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1991.tb03792.x
  4. Brown ME, Pinzon JE, Didan K, Morisette JT, Tucker CJ. 2006. Evaluation of the consistency of long-term NDVI time series derived from AVHRR, SPOTvegetation, SeaWiFS, MODIS, and Landsat ETM+ sensors. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 44(7): 1787-1793. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2005.860205
  5. Calvete C, Angulo E, Estrada R. 2005. Conservation of European wild rabbit populations when hunting is age and sex selective. Biological Conservation. 121: 623-634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2004.06.013
  6. CBD: Alien species that threaten ecosystems, habitats or species [Internet]. 2002. COP6 decision VI/23. Convention on Biological Diversity [Cited 2016 May 16]. Available from: https://www.cbd.int/decision/cop/default.shtml?id=7197
  7. CBD: Invasive alien species: addressing risks associated with trade, experiences in the use of biological control agents, and decision support tools[Internet]. 2016. COP13 decision VI/23. Convention on Biological Diversity [Cited 2017 April 17]. Available from: https://www.cbd.int/conferences/2016/cop-13/documents
  8. Courchamp F, Langlais M, Sugihara G. 1999. Control of rabbits to protect island birds from cat predation. Biological Conservation. 89: 219-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(98)00131-1
  9. Dickman CR, Pressey RL, Lim L, Parnaby HE. 1993. Mammals of particular conservation concern in the western division of New South Wales. Biological Conservation. 65: 219-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(93)90056-7
  10. Donlan CJ, Tershy BR. Croll DA. 2002. Islands and introduced herbivores: conservation action as ecosystem experimentation. Journal of Applied Ecology. 39: 235-246. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00710.x
  11. Fensholt R, Rasmussen K, Nielsen TT, Mbow C. 2009. Evaluation of earth observation based long term vegetation trends-Intercomparing NDVI time series trend analysis consistency of Sahel from AVHRR GIMMS, Terra MODIS and SPOT VGT data. Remote Sensing of Environment. 113(9): 1886-1898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.04.004
  12. Fensholt R, Nielsen TT, Stisen S. 2006. Evaluation of AVHRR PAL and GIMMS 10-day composite NDVI time series products using SPOT-4 vegetation data for the African continent. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 27(13): 2719-2733. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160600567761
  13. Fisher DO, Blomberg SP, Owens IPF. 2003. Extrinsic versus intrinsic factors in the decline and extinction of Australian marsupials. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B. 270: 1801-1808. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2003.2447
  14. Flux JEC. 1994. World distribution. In: Thompson, HV. and King, CM. (eds) The European Rabbit: pp. 8-21. Oxford Science Publications, Oxford.
  15. Flux JEC, Fullagar PJ. 1992. World distribution of the rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus, on islands. Mammal Review. 22: 151-205. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2907.1992.tb00129.x
  16. Gangoso L, Donazar JA, Scholz S, Palacios CJ, Hiraldo F. 2006. Contradiction in conservation of island ecosystems: plants, introduced herbivores and avian scavengers in the Canary Islands. Biodiversity and Conservation. 15: 2231-2248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-004-7181-4
  17. Gibb JA. 1993. Sociality, time and space in a sparse population of rabbits(Oryctolagus cuniculus). Journal of Zoology(London). 229: 581-607.
  18. GISD: Species [Internet]. Global Invasive Species Database; [Cited 2016 May 8]. Available from: http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/
  19. Grzimek B. 1990. Grzimek's encyclopedia of mammals. McGraw-Hill.
  20. IUCN: Species Survival Commission. 2000. IUCN guidelines for the prevention of biodiversity loss caused by alien invasive species. Auckland, New Zealand: IUCN, Species Survival Commission, Invasive Species Specialist Group.
  21. Jeju Green Environment Center. 2014. A Study Terrestrial Ecosystems and Geological of Munseom, Beomseom, Seopseom in Jeju Island. [Korean Literature]
  22. Jensen JR. 1996. Introductory digital image processing: a remote sensing perspective (No. Ed. 2). Prentice-Hall Inc..
  23. Jeyaseelan AT, Roy PS, Young SS. 2007. Persistent changes in NDVI between 1982 and 2003 over India using AVHRR GIMMS(Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies) data. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 28(21): 4927-4946. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160701253279
  24. Kang SB. 1990. The Geological Features of the Uninhabited Island in Jeju Island. Jeju Unmanned Academic Research Report. Jeju Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation. [Korean Literature]
  25. Kim CS, Song GP, Moon MO, Song KM, Kim J, Lee EJ. 2005. The Flora of Beomseom Island, Jeju-do. Korean Journal of Plant Resources. 18(2): 285-301. [Korean Literature]
  26. Kolb HH. 1994. The use of cover and burrows by a population of rabbits(Mammalia: Oryctolagus cuniculus) in eastern Scotland. Journal of Zoology (London). 233: 9-17. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1994.tb05258.x
  27. Korea Meteorological Adminstration. Climate Normal Data in Korea [Internet]. Korea Meteorological Adminstration [Cited 2017 September 6]. Available from: http://web.kma.go.kr/eng/index.jsp.
  28. Korea National Arboretum and The Plant Taxonomic Society of Korea. 2007. A Synonymic List of Vascular Plants in Korea. Korea National Arboretum. Pocheon. [Korean Literature]
  29. Lee TB. 2003. Coloured Flora of Korea. Vol. I, II. Hayangmunsa. Seoul. [Korean Literature]
  30. Lee WT. 1996a. Lineamenta Florae Koerane. I, II. Academy Books. [Korean Literature]
  31. Lee WT. 1996b. Coloured Standard Illustrations of Korean plants. Acedemy Books. [Korean Literature]
  32. Lima SL. 1990. Protective cover and the use of space: different strategies in finches. Oikos. 58: 151-158. https://doi.org/10.2307/3545422
  33. Lowe S, Browne M, Boudjelas S, De poorter M. 2000. 100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species: a Selection from the Global Invasive Species Database. Invasive Species Specialist Group. Auckland, New Zealand.
  34. Macarthur RW, Wilson EO. 1967. The Theory of Island Biogeography. Princeton University Press. Princeton.
  35. Manepalli URR, Bham HG, Kandada S. 2011. Evaluation of hotspots identification using kernel density estimation (K) and Getis-ord (Gi*) on I-630, Proceedings of the 3rd international Conference on Road Safety and Simulation. Transportaion Research Board. 14-16 Indianapolis, USA. 1-17.
  36. Martin MC, Marrero P, Nogales M. 2003. Seasonal variation in the diet of wild rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus on a semi-arid Atlantic island (Alegranza, Canarian Archipelago). Acta Theriologica. 48: 399-410. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03194178
  37. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affair. 2012. Other Livestock Statistics. [Korean Literature]
  38. Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries. Coast portal; [Cited 2016 May 10]. Available from: http://www.coast.kr/coastAdmin/desertedIsland/desert Island2View.do?uni_manage_idx=3742
  39. Miyawaki A, S.Okuda S, Fujiwara K.1994. Handbook of Japanese. Vegetation. Tokyo: Shibundo. [Japanese Literature]
  40. Miyawaki A, Okuda S. 1990. Vegetation ofJapan Illustrated. Tokyo: Shibundo. [Japanese Literature]
  41. Myers K, Mykytowycz R. 1958. Social behaviour in the wild rabbit. Nature. 18: 1515-1516.
  42. Myneni RB, Tucker CJ, Asrar G, Keeling CD. 1998. Interannual variations in satellitesensed vegetation index data from 1981 to 1991. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 103(D6): 6145-6160. https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD03603
  43. National Institute of Animal Science. 2002. First 50 Years of Animal Science. [Korean Literature]
  44. National Institute of Ecology. 2015. Ecological Studies of Alien Species (I). [Korean Literature]
  45. Novaro AJ, Funes MC, Walker RS. 2000. Ecological extinction of native prey of a carnivore assemblage in Argentine Patagonia. Biological Conservation. 92: 25-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(99)00065-8
  46. Nowak R. 1999. Walker's Mammals of the World, Sixth Edition. Baltimore and London: The John's Hopkins University Press.
  47. Norbury G, Reddiex B. 2005. European rabbit. The handbook of New Zealand mammals 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, Melbourne. 131-151.
  48. Parker S. 1990. Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals. McGraw-Hill, Inc..
  49. Richards J.D, Short J. 2003. Reintroduction and establishment of the western barred bandicoot Perameles bougainville (Marsupialia: Peramelidae) at Shark Bay, Western Australia. Biological Conservation. 109: 181-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00140-4
  50. Rosenblatt M. 1956. Remarks on Some Nonparametric Estimates of a Density Function. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics. 27(3): 832. https://doi.org/10.1214/aoms/1177728190
  51. SCBD. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. 2014. Global Biodiversity Outlook 4. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal, Canada.
  52. Sheail J. 1971. Rabbits and Their History. David & Charles Ltd, Newton Abbot, UK.
  53. Singh A, Ashish S, Katekhaye S. 2012. Rajpatha Ethno medicine of Controversial Origin. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research. 3: 86-90.
  54. Sutherland WJ. 2004. Ecological census techniques. Blackwell Science, Massachussets.
  55. Sumption KJ, Flowerdew JR. 1985. The ecological effects of the decline of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) due to myxomatosis. Mammal Review. 15: 151-186. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2907.1985.tb00396.x
  56. Takeuchi, A, Takeuchi N. 1969. A study of the action of picrotoxin on the inhibitory neuromuscular junction of the crayfish. The Journal of physiology. 205(2): 377-391. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1969.sp008972
  57. Thompson HV, King CM. 1994. The European rabbit: the history and biology of a successful colonizer. Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom.
  58. Torr N. 2002. Eradication of rabbits and mice from subantarctic Enderby and Rose Islands. Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species. IUCN SSS Invasive Species Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland. 319-328.
  59. Vaughan TA, Ryan JM, Czaplewski NJ. 2013. Mammalogy. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
  60. Watts BD. 1991. Effects of predation risk on distribution within and between habitats in savannah sparrows. Ecology. 72: 1515-1519. https://doi.org/10.2307/1941129
  61. Wilcove DS, Rothstein D, Dubow J, Philips A, Losos E. 1988. Quantifying threats to imperiled species in the Unites States. BioScience. 48: 607-615.
  62. Wilkinson DC. 2004. Population biology, ectoparasites and myxomatosis: a longitudinal study of a free-living population of European wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in East Anglia. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
  63. Wilson D, Reeder D. 1993. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Washington, D.C: The Smithsonian Institution.