Journal of Science Education (과학교육연구지)

Science Education Research Institute Kyungpook National University (경북대학교 과학교육연구소)
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On the Study of Foundation and Activity in the Early Scientific Societies

초창기 과학학회의 설립 및 활동에 관한 연구

  • Received : 2017.02.08
  • Accepted : 2017.08.07
  • Published : 2017.08.30
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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to review the foundation of the representative early scientific societies and their major activities. The documents, books, and literature related to this study were collected through internet websites (e.g., google scholar, wikipedia) and analyzed by the qualitative content analysis method. The result of this study shows that requirement for the necessary resources to acquire or to prepare the instruments for the experiment is significantly increased with the rising importance of the experiments to conduct the scientific methods. As a consequence, scientists faced urgent necessities to conduct scientific experiments with cooperation and exchange of the newest information by establishing a community beyond the independent and individual research activity. Establishment of the scientific societies is the result of these necessities. At the beginning of the scientific societies, the resources are provided by either wealthy patron or member contribution or public through foundation of government organization. This study provides the implications for future scientific societies.

이 연구의 목적은 초기 대표적인 과학학회의 설립과정과 그들의 활동에 대해서 살펴보는데 있다. 이를 위하여 대학 도서관 자료, 온라인 데이터베이스, 구글 학술 검색, 위키피디아 등에서 자료 검색을 실시하여 연구 대상 과학학회 설립 및 활동과 관련한 문헌들을 수집하였다. 이들 학회의 설립과 활동 분석을 위해 32편의 수집된 문헌, 선행연구 및 과학사 서적 등을 대상으로 내용 분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 과학적인 방법을 수행하기 위한 과정에서 실험의 중요성의 부각은 필연적으로 실험기기의 제작 또는 구입에 대한 비용의 증대로 귀결되었다. 따라서 과학자들은 독자적인 연구를 넘어, 공동체를 구성함으로써 최신의 정보를 교환하고, 상호 협력에 의해서 과학실험을 수행할 필요성에 직면하게 되었다. 이러한 필요성은 과학학회의 창립을 유발시키게 되었다. 초기 과학학회의 설립은 부유한 후원자가 전적으로 학회운영을 부담하는 경우, 학회 회원들이 회비를 거두어 운영하는 경우, 국가가 정부기관으로 설립하는 경우 등으로 구분할 수 있었다. 이 연구의 결과는 미래의 과학학회에 대해 시사점을 제공할 것이다.

Keywords

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