Earthquakes and Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A new approach for 3-D pushover based analysis of asymmetric buildings: development and initial evaluation

  • Baros, Dimitrios K. (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Patras) ;
  • Anagnostopoulos, Stavros A. (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Patras)
  • Received : 2016.09.13
  • Accepted : 2017.05.16
  • Published : 2017.05.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Results of an extensive study aiming to properly extend the well known pushover analysis into 3-D problems of asymmetric buildings are presented in this paper. The proposed procedure uses simple, 3 DOF, one-story models with shear-beam type elements in order to quantify the effects of inelastic torsional response of such buildings. Correction coefficients for the response quantities at the "stiff" and "flexible" sides are calculated using results from non-linear time history analyses of the simple models. Their values are then applied to the results of a simple, plane pushover analysis of the detailed building models. Results from the application of the new method for a set of three, conventionally designed, five-story buildings with high values of uniaxial eccentricities are compared with those obtained from multiple non-linear dynamic time history analyses, as well as from similar pushover methods addressing the same problem. This initial evaluation indicates that the proposed procedure is a clear improvement over the simple (conventional) pushover method and, in most cases, more accurate and reliable than the other methods considered. The accuracy, however, of all these methods is reduced substantially when they are applied to torsionally flexible buildings. Thus, for such challenging problems, use of inelastic dynamic analyses for a set of two component earthquake motions appears to be the preferable solution.

Keywords

References

  1. ASCE/SEI 41-06 (2007), Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, Virginia, USA.
  2. Anagnostopoulos S. A. and Roesset J. M. (1972), "Description and user's manual of the inelastic dynamic analysis program", Internal Study-Report No 16, Civil Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
  3. Anagnostopoulos, S.A., Alexopoulou, C. and Stathopoulos, K. (2010), "An answer to an important controversy and the need for caution when using simple models to predict inelastic earthquake response of buildings with torsion", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 39(5), 521-540. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.957
  4. Antoniou, S. and Pihno, R. (2004), "Development and verification of a displacement-based adaptive pushover procedure", J. Earthq. Eng., 8(5), 643-661. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460409350504
  5. ATC-40 (1996), Seismic evaluation and retrofit of concrete buildings, Applied Technology Council, Redwood City, California, USA.
  6. Aydinoglu, M.N. (2003), "An incremental response spectrum analysis procedure based on inelastic spectral displacements for multi-mode seismic performance evaluation", Bull. Earthq. Eng., 1(1), 3-36. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024853326383
  7. Baros, D.K. (2014), "A new method for the extension of pushover analyses in asymmetric buildings and comparisons with existing methods", Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Patras, Patras. (in Greek)
  8. Baros, D.K. and Anagnostopoulos, S.A. (2008a), "An assessment of static nonlinear pushover analyses in 2-D and 3-D applications", 3-D Pushover 2008, Lisbon, Portugal.
  9. Baros, D.K. and Anagnostopoulos, S.A. (2008b), "An overview of pushover procedures for the analysis of buildings susceptible to torsional behavior", The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Beijing, China.
  10. Carr, A.J. (2005), Ruaumoko 3D: Inelastic Time-History Analysis of Three-Dimensional Framed Structures, University of Canterbury, New Zealand.
  11. Chintanapakdee, C. and Chopra, A.K. (2003), "Evaluation of modal pushover analysis using generic frames", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 32(3), 417-442. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.232
  12. Chopra, A.K. and Goel, R.K. (2002), "A modal pushover analysis procedure for estimating seismic demands for buildings", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 31(3), 561-582. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.144
  13. Chopra, A.K. and Goel, R.K. (2004), "A modal pushover analysis procedure to estimate seismic demands for unsymmetric-plan buildings", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 33(8), 903-927. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.380
  14. De Stefano, M. and Pintucchi, B. (2010), "Predicting torsioninduced lateral displacements for pushover analysis: Influence of torsional system characteristics", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 39(12), 1369-1394. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.1002
  15. Eurocode 8 (2004), Design of structures for earthquake resistance, European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Brussels, Belgium.
  16. Elnashai, A.S. (2001), "Advanced inelastic static (pushover) analysis for earthquake applications", Struct. Eng. Mech., 12(1), 51-69. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2001.12.1.051
  17. Elnashai, A.S. (2002), "Do we really need inelastic dynamic analysis?", J. Earthq. Eng., 6(Special Issue 1), 123-130.
  18. Fajfar, P. (2000), "A nonlinear analysis method for performancebased seismic design", Earthq. Spectra, 16(3), 573-592. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1586128
  19. Fajfar, P., Marusic, D. and Perus, I. (2005), "Torsional effects in the pushover-based seismic analysis of buildings", J. Earthq. Eng., 9(6), 831-854. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460509350568
  20. FEMA-356 (2000), Prestandard and commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington D.C., USA.
  21. Gates, W.E., Marshall, P.W. and Mahin, S.A. (1977), "Analytical methods for determining the ultimate earthquake resistance for fixed offshore structures", Τhe 9th Annual Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, Texas.
  22. Goel, R.K. (2005), "Evaluation of modal and FEMA pushover procedures using strong-motion records of buildings", Earthq. Spectra, 21(3), 653-684. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1979501
  23. Goel, R.K. and Chopra, A.K. (2004), "Evaluation of Modal and FEMA pushover analyses: SAC buildings", Earthq. Spectra, 20(1), 225-254. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1646390
  24. Greek Seismic Retrofitting Code (KAN.EPE) (2012), Hellenic Organization for Seismic Planning and Protection (OASP), Athens, Greece. (in Greek)
  25. Gupta, P. and Kunnath, S.K. (2000), "Adaptive spectra-based pushover procedure for seismic evaluation of structures", Earthq. Spectra, 16(2), 367-391. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1586117
  26. Kaatsiz, K. and Sucuoglu, H. (2014), "Generalized force vectors for multi-mode pushover analysis of torsionally coupled systems", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 43(13), 2025-2043.
  27. Kallaby, J. and Millman, D. (1975), "Inelastic analysis of fixed offshore platforms for earthquake loadings", Τhe 7th Annual Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, Texas.
  28. Krawinkler, H. and Seneviratna, G.D.P.K. (1998), "Pros and cons of a pushover analysis of seismic performance evaluation", Eng. Struct., 20(4-6), 452-464. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(97)00092-8
  29. Kreslin, M. and Fajfar, P. (2012), "The extended N2 method considering higher mode effects in both plan and elevation", Bull. Earthq. Eng., 10(2), 695-715. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-011-9319-6
  30. Lawson, R.S., Vance, V. and Krawinkler, H. (1994), "Nonlinear static pushover analysis-why, when, and how?", Τhe Fifth U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Oakland, California.
  31. Lin, J.L. and Tsai, K.C. (2007), "Simplified seismic analysis of asymmetric building systems", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 36(4), 459-479. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.635
  32. Litton, R.W. (1975), "A contribution to the analysis of concrete structures under cyclic loading", Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Civil Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, California.
  33. Marusic, D. and Fajfar, P. (2005), "On the inelastic sesimic response of asymmetric buildings under bi-axial excitation", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 34(8), 943-963. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.463
  34. Otani, S. (1974), "Inelastic analysis of R/C frame structures", J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 100, 1433-1449.
  35. Penelis, G.G. (2007), "Contribution in the inelastic analysis of R/C buildings with irregular positioning of their stiffness elements in plan", Ph.D. Dissertation, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki. (in Greek)
  36. Perus, I. and Fajfar, P. (2005), "On the inelastic torsional response of single-storey structures under bi-axial excitation", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 34(8), 931-941. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.462
  37. Reyes, A.C. and Chopra, A.K. (2011), "Evaluation of threedimensional modal pushover analysis for unsymmetric-plan buildings subjected to two components of ground motion", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 40(13), 1475-1494. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.1100
  38. Shakeri, K., Tarbali, K. and Mohhebi, M. (2012), "An adaptive modal pushover procedure for asymmetric-plan buildings", Eng. Struct., 36, 160-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.11.032
  39. Sucuoglu, H. and Gunay, M.S. (2011), "Generalized force vectors for multi-mode pushover analysis", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 40(1), 55-74. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.1020
  40. Vamvatsikos, D. and Cornell, C.A. (2002), "Incremental dynamic analysis", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 31(3), 491-514. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.141