Abstract
The purpose of this study is to understand the environmental traits and significance of the pond place that appears in historic maps in 'Dongchon(東村)', which is the eastern section within the fortress wall of Hanyang. We reviewed various documents and maps to identify the name of the pond, and of those materials we followed the name provided by official national records and geographical titles to designate it 'Eouidongji Pond(於義洞池).' The results of the research showed, first, that from the standpoint of location and environmental characteristics, that the area of the Eouidongji Pond was an area that contained a pastoral atmosphere within the city. It was located in an area where the waters flowing from the mountains gathered, and the boundaries of the pond would change based on water levels within a plot of land about 2,000pyeong(app. $6,600m^2$) in size. Second, when seen from the perspective of its creation background, the Eouidongji Pond seems to have been a naturally occurring pond which was modified when the water system was managed in the city at the beginning of the dynasty. In addition to its role as a reservoir, it was operated as a lotus pond(蓮池) to offer lotus(蓮) related by-products. With the nearby detached palace being actively used, it seems the pond was managed at the same time. The pond had already been filled in by the early 20th century, and although there were efforts to reconstruct the pond, it was eventually destroyed as the area was included in the site of a school during the colonial period. Third, the Eouidongji Pond was appreciated in many cases by individuals or admired as part of the natural landscape by viewing it from afar. In addition, it provided entry landscape near the road entering Dongchon, and was a location that was easily visited in connection with other nearby pleasure grounds. Through studying the location and environmental characteristics, the background of its creation and destruction, operation and management by time period, usage at the time, and characteristics of scenery appreciation of Eouidongji Pond, the Eouidongji Pond was a pond of high practical value to the nation, as it supplemented the water system in the city and was able to provide lotus harvests for the nation. In addition, from a urban environment perspective, it was a lateral landmark with a large area, as well as an effective boundary. It was an open area that the people of the Hanseong-bu could freely use, and it had a high public value due to its ease of accessibility.
본 연구는 고지도에서 한성부 성내 동쪽인 '동촌(東村)'에 표기된 못의 환경 특성과 장소적 의미를 파악하는 데 목적을 두고 있다. 여러 문헌과 지도 자료를 검토하여 못의 명칭을 정리하였고, 연구에서는 그중 국가 공식기록과 지리적 명칭을 따라 '어의동지(於義洞池)'로 명명하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 입지 및 환경 특성을 보면 어의동지 일대는 도성 내에서 전원적 정취가 있는 지역이었다. 산자락 계곡부 물이 많이 모이는 지대에 있었고, 약 2천 평 정도의 필지 안에서 수위에 따라 못 경계가 변화하였다. 둘째, 조성 배경을 볼 때 어의동지는 자연적으로 형성된 못을 국초 도성 내 수체계를 관리하면서 함께 정비한 것으로 보인다. 유수지 역할과 함께 연(蓮) 관련 부산물을 진상하는 연지(蓮池)로 운영되었고, 인근에 별궁이 활발히 이용되면서 함께 관리된 것으로 판단한다. 20세기 초 이미 매몰된 상태였고, 연지를 다시 수축하고자 했으나 식민지기 학교 부지로 편입되며 소멸하였다. 셋째, 어의동지는 개인이 완상하거나 멀리서 조망하며 자연경관 일부로 감상하는 경우가 많았다. 또한, 동촌에 진입하는 가로 가까이 있는 진입경관이었고, 주변 다른 행락지와 연계해 방문하기 좋았다. 어의동지의 입지 및 환경 특성, 조성 및 소멸 배경과 시대별 운영 관리, 당대의 이용과 경관 감상의 특성을 고찰한 결과, 어의동지는 국가적으로는 도성 내 수체계를 보완하면서 국용 연 수확물을 제공할 수 있는 실용적 가치가 높은 못이었다. 또한, 도시환경 차원에서는 넓은 면적으로 펼쳐진 수평적 랜드마크이자 효과적인 경계지물이었다. 그리고 한성부 지역민이 자유롭게 이용할 수 있는 열린 장소였고, 접근성이 높아 공공적 가치도 높았다.
