Geomechanics and Engineering

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Analysis of load-settlement behaviour of shallow foundations in saturated clays based on CPT and DPT tests

  • Mir, Mouna (Department of Materials Engineering, University Yahia Fares of Medea, Faculty of Science and Technology) ;
  • Bouafia, Ali (Department of Civil Engineering, University Saad Dahleb, Faculty of Engineering) ;
  • Rahmani, Khaled (Department of Civil Engineering, University Saad Dahleb, Faculty of Engineering) ;
  • Aouali, Nawel (Department of Civil Engineering, University Saad Dahleb, Faculty of Engineering)
  • Received : 2016.06.18
  • Accepted : 2017.02.20
  • Published : 2017.07.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Static Penetration Test (CPT) and Dynamic Penetration Test (DPT) are commonly used in-situ tests in a routine geotechnical investigation. Besides their use for qualitative investigation (lithology, homogeneity and spatial variability), they are used as practical tools of geotechnical characterization (resistance to the penetration, soil rigidity) and modern foundation design as well. The paper aims at presenting the results of an extensive research work on the evaluation of the 1D primary consolidation settlement of saturated clayey soils on the basis of the CPT or DPT tests. The work is based on an analysis of the correlations between the tip resistance to penetration measured in these tests and the parameters of compressibility measured by the compressibility oedometer test, through a local geotechnical database in the northern Algeria. Such an analysis led to the proposal of two methods of calculation of the settlement, one based on the CPT test and the other one on the DPT. The comparison between the predicted settlements and those computed on the basis of the oedometer test showed a good agreement which demonstrate the possbility to use the CPT and DPT tests as reliable tools of computation of foundation settlements in clayey soils.

Keywords

References

  1. AbdelRahman, M., Ezzeldine, O. and Salem, M. (2005), "The use of piezocone in characterization of cohesive soil west of port said", Proceeding of the 5th International Geotechnical Engineering Conference, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, January.
  2. Abu-Farsakh, M.Y. (2004), "Evaluation of consolidation characteristics of cohesive soils from piezocone penetration tests", Report 386; Louiziana Transportation Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
  3. Abu-Farsakh, M.Y. and Yu, X. (2013), "Comparison of predicted embankment settlement from piezocone penetration test with field measurement and laboratory estimated", Proceedings of Geotechnical and Geophysical Site Characterization 4, Volume 1, Taylor & Francis Group, London, UK, Porto de Galinhas, Brazil, September.
  4. Abu-Farsakh, M.Y., Tumay, M.T. and Voyiadjis, G.Z. (2003), "A Numerical parametric study of the piezocone penetration test in clays", Int. J. Geomech., 3(3/4), 170-181. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1532-3641(2003)3:2(170)
  5. Abu-Farsakh, M.Y., Zang, Z. and Gautreau, G. (2007), "Evaluating the deformation modulus of cohesive soils from PCPT for consolidation sttelement estimation", J. Transport. Res. Board, 49-59.
  6. Becker, D.E. (2010), "Testing in geotechnical design", Geotech. Eng. J. of the SEAGS & AGSSEA, 41(1), 1-12.
  7. Briaud, J.L. (2001), Introduction to Soil Moduli, Geotechnical News, June.
  8. Cai, G., Liu, S. and Tong, L. (2010), "Field evaluation of deformation characteristics of a Lacustrine Clay deposit using seismic piezocone tests", Eng. Geol., 116(3-4), 251-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2010.09.006
  9. C.E.N. (2007), Eurocode 7, Geotechnical Design-Part2: Ground Investigation and Testing; European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.
  10. CGS (1992), Canadian Foundation Engineering Manual, CFEM, BiTech Publishers, (3rd Edition), Canadian Geotechnical Society, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
  11. Chung, S.G., Ryu, C.K., Min, S.C., Lee, J.M., Hong, Y.P. and Odgerel, E. (2012), "Geotechnical characterisation of Busan clay", KSCE J. Civil Eng., 16(3), 341-350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-012-1433-8
  12. Chung, S.G., Giao, P.H., Kim, G.J. and Leroueil, S. (2002), "Geotechnical characteristics of Pusan clays", Can. Geotech. J., 39(5), 1050-1060. https://doi.org/10.1139/t02-055
  13. Chunlin, L. (2014), "A simplified method for prediction of embankment settlement in clays", J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng., 6(1), 61-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2013.12.002
  14. DIN (2003), Baugrund Felduntersuchungen, Teil 3: Bohr-lochrammsondierrung, German Standard DIN 4094-2; Germany. [In German]
  15. Duncan, J.M. and Buchignan, A.L. (1976), An Engineering Manual For Settlement Studies, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
  16. Duncan, J. and Bursey, A. (2013), "Soil modulus correlations", Proceedings of Foundation Engineering in the Face of Uncertainty, Geo-Congress, San Diego, CA, USA, March.
  17. Damasceno, V. and Badu-Tweneboah, K. (2011), "Use of CPT profiles to evaluate strength gain and estimate local settlement", Proceedings of Geo-Frontiers, Dallas, TX, USA, March.
  18. Fellenius, B.H. (2006), Basics of Foundation Design, Electronic Edition. URL: www.Fellenius.net
  19. Giao, P.H. and Hien, D.H. (2007), "Geotechnical characterization of soft clay along a Highway in the red river delta", J. Lowland Technol. Int., 9(1), 18-27.
  20. Gonin, H. (1978), "Etude théorique du battage des corps élastiques élancés et application pratique", Annales de l'ITBTP, No. 361, May. [In French]
  21. Hamza M. and Shahien, M. (2013), "Compressibility parameters of cohesive soils from piezocone", Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Paris, France, September.
  22. Holtz, R.D. (1991), Stress Distribution and Settlement of Shallow Foundations, (2nd Edition), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY, USA.
  23. Hong, S., Chae, Y., Lee, M. and Lee, W. (2011), "Evaluation of Compressibility for Normally Consolidated South-east Coast Clay Using CPT and DMT", J. Korean Geotech. Soc., 27(4), 21-32. https://doi.org/10.7843/kgs.2011.27.4.021
  24. ISO (2005), Geotechnical Investigation And Testing-Field Testing, Part 2: Dynamic Probing; Standard ISO-22476-2:2005, (1st Edition), Geneva, Switzerland.
  25. Janbu, N. (1963), "Soil compressibility as determined by odometer and triaxial test", Proceeding of European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundations Engineering, Wiesbaden, Germany, October.
  26. Jovan, B.P. (2009), "Appendix to correlation between Eoed et qc for silts", Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Alexandria, Egypt, October.
  27. Kantey, B.A. (1965), "Shallow Foundations and Pavements", Report of Session 5; Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering (ICSMFE), Montreal, QC, Canada, September.
  28. Kulhawy, P.H. and Mayne, P.W. (1990), "Manuel on estimating sol properties for foundation design", No. EL-6800; Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
  29. Lunne, T., Robertson, P.K. and Powell, J.J.M. (1997), Cone Penetration Testing in Geotechnical Practice, (1st Edition), Balackie Academic & Professional, London, UK.
  30. Lin, C., Lin, G. and Li, Z. (2014), "Site characterization of Atlantic coastal plain deposits in Savannah", Proceedings of Georgia Geo-Congress, Atlanta, GA, USA, February.
  31. Mayne, P.W. (2001), "Stress-strain-strength-flow parameters from enhanced in-situ testing", Proceedings, of the International Conference on In-Situ Measurement of Soil Properties and Case Histories, Bali, Indonesia, May.
  32. Mayne, P.W. (2007), "Cone penetration testing state-of-practice", Transportation Research Board Report Project 20-05; WA, USA.
  33. McNulty, E. and Harney, M. (2014), "Comparison of DMT- and CPT-correlated constrained moduli in clayey and silty sands", Proceedings of from Soil Behavior Fundamentals to Innovations in Geotechnical Engineering, Geo-Congress, Atlanta, GA, USA, February.
  34. Meigh, A.C. and Corbett, B.O. (1969), "A comparison of in situ measurements in soft clay with laboratory tests and the settlement of Oil Tanks", Proceeding of In-Situ Investigation in Soils and Rocks, British Geotechnical Society, London, UK, pp. 173-179.
  35. Pant, R.R. (2007), "Evaluation of consolidation parameters of cohesive soils using PCPT method", M.Sc. Thesis; Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
  36. Poulos, H.-G. and Davies, H. (1973), Elastic Solutions for Soil and Rock Mechanics, Ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  37. Rito, F. and Sugawara, N. (2009), "Development and field application of static cone penetrometer combined with dynamic penetration", Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Alexandria, Egypt, October.
  38. Robertson, P.K. (2012), "Interpretation of in-situ tests - some insights", Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Geotechnical and Geophysical Site Characterization, Porto de Galinhas, Brazil, September.
  39. Robertson, P.K. (2009a), "Interpretation of cone penetration tests - A unified approach", Can. Geotech. J., 1(46), 1337-1355.
  40. Robertson, P.K. (2009b), "Review of CPT-DMT correlations", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 135(11), 1762-1771. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000119
  41. Robertson, P.K. and Cabal, K.L. (2015), Guide to Cone Penetration Testing for Geotechnical Engineering, (6th Edition), Gregg Drilling & Testing, CA, USA.
  42. RohitRay, P. (2007), "Evaluation of consolidation parameters of cohesive soils using PCPT method", M.Sc. Thesis; Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
  43. Salem, M. and El-Sherbiny, R. (2014), "Comparison of measured and calculated consolidation settlements of thick underconsolidated clay", Alexandria Eng. J., 53(1), 107-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2013.11.002
  44. Sanglerat, C. (1972), The Penetrometer And Soil Exploration, (2nd Edition), Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, New York, NY, USA.
  45. Senneset, K., Sandven, R. and Janbu, N. (1989), "Evaluation of soil parameters from piezocone tests", Report Transportation Research Record 1235, National Research Council, WA, USA.
  46. Skempton, A.W. and Bjerrum, L. (1957), "A contribution to the settlement analysis of foundations on clay", Geotechnique, 7, 168-178. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1957.7.4.168
  47. Sunitsakul, I., Sawatparnich, A. and Apimeteetamrong, S. (2010), "Basic soil properties from CPT in Bankok clay for highway desingn", Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Cone Penetration testing CPT'2010, Huntington Beach, CA, USA, May.
  48. Tavenas, F. and Leroueil, S. (1979), "Les concepts de l'etat limite et l'etat critiques et leurs application pratiques a l'etude des argiles", Revue Francaise de Recherche Technique, No. 6, pp. 27-49. [In French]
  49. Thomas, D. (1968), "Deep sounding test results and the settlement of spread footing on normally consolidated sands", Geotechnique, 18(4), 472-488. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1968.18.4.472
  50. Vendel, J. (2013), "Empirical correlations of overconsolidation ratio, coefficient of earth pressure at rest and undrained strength", Proceedings of the 2nd Conference of Junior Researchers in Civil Engineering, Budapest, Hungary, June.
  51. Yu, X. and Abu-Farsakh, M. (2011), "Prediction of Embankment Settlement from PCPT Measurements: A Case Study at Courtableau Bridge", Proceedings of GeoRisk: Geotechnical Risk Assessment and Management, Atlanta, GA, USA, June.
  52. Washkowski, E. (1983), "Le penetrometre dynamique", Bulletin de Liaison des Laboratoires des Ponts et Chaussees, Ref. 2805-2806; (Ed.: LCPC, Paris), 125, 95-103. [In French]