Biomedical Science Letters (대한의생명과학회지)

The Korean Society for Biomedical Laboratory Sciences (대한의생명과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Clinical Usefulness of Serum Uric Acid and Resting Heart Rate in the Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults

  • Shin, Kyung-A (Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Shinsung University)
  • Received : 2017.03.12
  • Accepted : 2017.05.21
  • Published : 2017.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Elevated serum uric acid and resting heart rate are risk factors and predictors of metabolic syndrome. However, few studies have examined the optimal cutoff value for serum uric acid and resting heart rate to predict metabolic syndrome in Korean adults. Subjects for this study were 22,302 adults (average age 45 years old), who underwent health screening examination from January 2010 to December 2012 at the Health Promotion Center of one hospital in Gyeonggi-do for general health check-up. The uric acid and resting heart rate cutoff values were calculated by ROC analysis for metabolic syndrome. Elevated serum uric acid and resting heart rate were associated with an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults. The optimal cutoff value for uric acid level to predict metabolic syndrome in adults was 4.95 mg/dL (male 6.35, female 4.55) and optimal cutoff value for resting heart rate to predict metabolic syndrome was 68 beats per minute (male 66, female 68). However, serum uric acid and resting heart rate were found to have limitations for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome.

Keywords

References

  1. Bemelmans RH, Wassink AM, van der Graaf Y, Nathoe HM, Vernooij JW, Spiering W, Visseren FL; SMART Study Group. Risk of elevated resting heart rate on the development of type 2 diabetes in patients with clinically manifest vascular diseases. European Journal of Endocrinology. 2012. 166: 717-725. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-11-1017
  2. Choi SY, Park JS. The comparison of carotid artery intima-media thickness and plaque characteristics between patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction and coronary artery chronic total occlusion. Biomedical Science Letters. 2015. 21: 198-207. https://doi.org/10.15616/BSL.2015.21.4.198
  3. Diaz A, Bourassa MG, Guertin MC, Tardif JC. Long-term prognostic value of resting heart rate in patients with suspected or proven coronary artery disease. European Heart Journal. 2005. 26: 967-974. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehi190
  4. Eckel RH, Alberti KG, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ. The metabolic syndrome. Lancet. 2010. 375: 181-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61794-3
  5. Feig DI, Madero M, Jalal DI, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Johnson RJ. Uric acid and the origins of hypertension. Journal of Pediatrics. 2013. 162: 896-902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.12.078
  6. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, Donato KA, Eckel RH, Franklin BA, Gordon DJ, Krauss RM, Savage PJ, Smith SC Jr, Spertus JA, Costa F; American Heart Association; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation. 2005. 112: 2735-2752. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.169404
  7. Hsia J, Larson JC, Ockene JK, Sarto GE, Allison MA, Hendrix SL, Robinson JG, LaCroix AZ, Manson JE; Women's Health Initiative Research Group. Resting heart rate as a low tech predictor of coronary events in women: prospective cohort study. British Medical Journal. 2009. 338: 219. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b219
  8. Hong SP, Lee YS, Bae KR, Chung JW, Kim SY, Lee JB, Ryu JK, Choi JY, Kim KS, Chang SG, Shin IH. Relationship between serum uric acid level and metabolic syndrome according to gender. Korean Circulation Journal. 2008. 38: 152-160. https://doi.org/10.4070/kcj.2008.38.3.152
  9. Inoue T, Iseki K, Iseki C, Ohya Y, Kinjo K, Takishita S. Association between heart rate and multiple risk factor syndrome: crosssectional analysis of a screened cohort in Okinawa, Japan. Circulation Journal. 2008. 72: 454-457. https://doi.org/10.1253/circj.72.454
  10. Ioachimescu AG, Brennan DM, Hoar BM, Hazen SL, Hoogwerf BJ. Serum uric acid is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease: a preventive cardiology information system (PreCIS) database cohort study. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2008. 58: 623-630. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.23121
  11. Johansen CD, Olsen RH, Pedersen LR, Kumarathurai P, Mouridsen MR, Binici Z, Intzilakis T, Kober L, Sajadieh A. Resting, night-time, and 24 h heart rate as markers of cardiovascular risk in middle-aged and elderly men and women with no apparent heart disease. European Heart Journal. 2013. 34: 1732-1739. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehs449
  12. Jose AD, Collison D. The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man. Cardiovascular Research. 1970. 4: 60-167.
  13. Kanellis J, Kang DH. Uric acid as a mediator of endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and vascular disease. Seminars in Nephrology. 2005. 25: 39-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semnephrol.2004.09.007
  14. Kristal-Boneh E, Silber H, Harari G, Froom P. The association of resting heart rate with cardiovascular, cancer and all-cause mortality. Eight year follow-up of 3527 male Israeli employees (the CORDIS Study). European Heart Journal. 2000. 21: 116-124. https://doi.org/10.1053/euhj.1999.1741
  15. Lauer MS, Okin PM, Larson MG, Evans JC, Levy D. Impaired heart rate response to graded exercise. Prognostic implications of chronotropic incompetence in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 1996. 93: 1520-1526. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.93.8.1520
  16. Li C, Hsieh MC, Chang SJ. Metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and hyperuricemia. Current Opinion in Rheumatology. 2013. 25: 210-216. https://doi.org/10.1097/BOR.0b013e32835d951e
  17. Liu P, Jiang Y, Meng J. Relationship between serum uric acid, metabolic syndrome and resting heart rate in Chinese elderly. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice. 2016. 10: 159-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2015.04.007
  18. Menown IB, Davies S, Gupta S, Kalra PR, Lang CC, Morley C, Padmanabhan S. Resting heart rate and outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease: where do we currently stand? Cardiovascular Therapeutics. 2013. 31: 215-223. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-5922.2012.00321.x
  19. Moon K, Sung SH, Chang YK, Park IK, Paek YM, Kim SG, Choi TI, Jin YW. The association between Apolipoprotein E genotype and lipid profiles in healthy woman workers. Journal of Preventive Medicine & Public Health. 2010. 43: 213-221. https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2010.43.3.213
  20. Nanchen D, Stott DJ, Gussekloo J, Mooijaart SP, Westendorp RG, Jukema JW, Macfarlane PW, Cornuz J, Rodondi N, Buckley BM, Ford I, Sattar N, de Craen AJ; PROSPER Group. Resting heart rate and incident heart failure and cardiovascular mortality in older adults: role of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction: the PROSPER study. European Journal of Heart Failure. 2013. 15: 581-588. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjhf/hfs195
  21. Palatini P, Julius S. Elevated heart rate: a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Clinical and Experimental Hypertension. 2004. 26: 637-644. https://doi.org/10.1081/CEH-200031959
  22. Park H, Lee J, Kim JY, Kim DI, Jeon JY. The Relationship between resting heart rate and prevalence of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Korean adults: The fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2012). Korean Journal of Obesity. 2015. 24: 166-174. https://doi.org/10.7570/kjo.2015.24.3.166
  23. Reaven G. Metabolic syndrome: pathophysiology and implications for management of cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2002. 106: 286-288. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000019884.36724.D9
  24. Shin KA. Association between resting heart rate and risk factors of metabolic syndrome in Korean men. Journal of Wellness. 2015. 4: 305-316.
  25. Sui X, Church TS, Meriwether RA, Lobelo F, Blair SN. Uric acid and the development of metabolic syndrome in women and men. Metabolism. 2008. 57: 845-852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2008.01.030
  26. Tamariz L, Agarwal S, Soliman EZ, Chamberlain AM, Prineas R, Folsom AR, Ambrose M, Alonso A. Association of serum uric acid with incident atrial fibrillation. American Journal of Cardiology. 2011. 108: 1272-1276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.06.043
  27. Teo KK, Yusuf S, Furberg CD. Effects of prophylactic antiarrhythmic drug therapy in acute myocardial infarction. An overview of results from randomized controlled trials. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1993. 270: 1589-1595. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1993.03510130095038
  28. Tomiyama H, Higashi Y, Takase B, Node K, Sata M, Inoue T, Ishibashi Y, Ueda S, Shimada K, Yamashina A. Relationships among hyperuricemia, metabolic syndrome, and endothelial function. American Journal of Hypertension. 2011. 24: 770-774. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajh.2011.55
  29. World Health Organization Western Pacific Region, International Association for the Study of Obesity, and International Obesity Task Force. The Asian-Pacific perspective: redefining obesity and its treatment. Sydney, Australia. Health Communications Australia. 2000. 15-21.
  30. Yoo TW, Sung KC, Kim YC, Hwang ST, Oh SY, Shin HS, Kim BJ, Kim BS, Kang JH, Lee MH, Park JR, Kim H, Lee KB, Lhee HY, Ryu SH, Keum DG. The relationship of the hypertension, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome in the serum uric acid level. Korean Circulation Journal. 2004. 34: 874-882. https://doi.org/10.4070/kcj.2004.34.9.874
  31. Zhang Q, Lou S, Meng Z, Ren X. Gender and age impacts on the correlations between hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome in Chinese. Clinical Rheumatology. 2011. 30: 777-787. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-010-1660-7