Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment

Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment (한국대기환경학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Improvement of a High-volume Aerosol Particle Sampler for Collecting Submicron Particles through the Combined Use of a Cyclone with a Smoothened Inner Wall and a Circular Cone Attachment

  • Okuda, Tomoaki (Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University) ;
  • Isobe, Ryoma (Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University)
  • Received : 2017.01.16
  • Accepted : 2017.03.31
  • Published : 2017.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

A cyclone is an effective tool to facilitate the collection of aerosol particles without using filters, and in cell exposure studies is able to collect a sufficient amount of aerosol particles to evaluate their adverse health effect. In this study, we examined two different methods to improve the aerosol particle collection efficiency of a cyclone. The individual and combined effects of reducing the surface roughness of the inner wall of the cyclone and of using a circular cone attachment were tested. The collection efficiency of particles of diameter $0.2{\mu}m$ was improved by approximately 10% when using a cyclone with a smoothened inner wall (average roughness $Ra=0.08{\mu}m$) compared with the original cyclone ($Ra=5.1{\mu}m$). A circular cone attachment placed between the bottom section of the cyclone and the top section of a collection bottle, resulted in improved collection of smaller particles without the attachment. The 50% cutoff diameter of the modified cyclone (combined use of smoothened inner wall and attachment) was $0.23{\mu}m$ compared to $0.28{\mu}m$ in the original model. The combined use of these two techniques resulted in improved collection efficiency of aerosol particles.

Keywords

References

  1. Asbach, C., Fissan, H., Kaminski, H., Kuhlbusch, T.A.J., Pui, D.Y.H., Shin, H., Horn, H.G., Hase, T. (2011) A low pressure drop preseparator for elimination of particles larger than 450 nm. Aerosol and Air Quality Research 11, 487-496. https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2011.05.0057
  2. Dockery, D.W., Pope III, C.A., Xu, X., Spengler, J.D., Ware, J.H., Fay, M.E., Ferris Jr., B.G., Speizer, F.E. (1993) An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities. New England Journal of Medicine 329, 1753-1759. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199312093292401
  3. European Parliament and of the Council (2008) Ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe. Directive 2008/50/EC, May 21.
  4. Gen, M., Ikawa, S., Sagawa, S., Lenggoro, I.W. (2014) Simultaneous deposition of submicron aerosols onto both surfaces of a plate substrate by electrostatic forces. e-Journal of Surface Science and Nanotechnology 12, 238-241. https://doi.org/10.1380/ejssnt.2014.238
  5. Hatoya, K., Okuda, T., Funato, K., Inoue, K. (2016) Online measurement of the surface area concentration of aerosols in Yokohama, Japan, using the diffusion charging method. Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment 10, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.5572/ajae.2016.10.1.001
  6. International Agency for Research on Cancer (2013) Air Pollution and Cancer. IARC Scientific Publication No. 161, Lyon, France.
  7. Japan Industry Standards Committee (2013) Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS)-Surface texture: Profile method-Terms, definitions and surface texture parameters. JIS B 0601.
  8. Karagoz, I., Avci, A. (2005) Modelling of the pressure drop in tangential inlet cyclone separators. Aerosol Science and Technology 39, 857-865. https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820500295560
  9. Kaya, F., Karagoz, I., Avci, A. (2011) Effects of surface roughness on the performance of tangential inlet cyclone separators. Aerosol Science and Technology 45, 988-995. https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2011.574174
  10. Lelieveld, J., Evans, J.S., Fnais, M., Giannadaki, D., Pozzer, A. (2015) The contribution of outdoor air pollution sources to premature mortality on a global scale. Nature 525, 367-381. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature15371
  11. Lichtveld, K.M., Ebersviller, S.M., Sexton, K.G., Vizuete, W., Jaspers, I., Jeffries, H.E. (2012) In vitro exposures in diesel exhaust atmospheres: resuspension of PM from filters versus direct deposition of PM from air. Environmental Science and Technology 46, 9062-9070. https://doi.org/10.1021/es301431s
  12. Ministry of Environment, Japan (2009) Environmental Quality Standards for the $PM_{2.5}$. Notification #33, September 9 (in Japanese).
  13. OECD (2012) OECD Environmental Outlook to 2050: The Consequences of Inaction. OECD Publishing, Paris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264122246-en.
  14. Ogino, K., Nagaoka, K., Okuda, T., Oka, A., Kubo, M., Eguchi, E., Fujikura, Y. (2017) $PM_{2.5}$ induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in NC/Nga mice. Environmental Toxicology 32, 1047-1054. https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.22303
  15. Ogino, K., Takahashi, N., Kubo, M., Takeuchi, A., Nakagiri, M., Fujikura, Y. (2014) Inflammatory airway responses by nasal inoculation of suspended particulate matter in NC/Nga mice. Environmental Toxicology 29, 642-654. https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.21791
  16. Okuda, T. (2013) Measurement of the specific surface area and particle size distribution of atmospheric aerosol reference materials. Atmospheric Environment 75, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.04.033
  17. Okuda, T., Isobe, R., Nagai, Y., Okahisa, S., Funato, K., Inoue, K. (2015) Development of a high-volume PM2.5 particle sampler using impactor and cyclone techniques. Aerosol and Air Quality Research 15, 759-767. https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2014.09.0194
  18. Okuda, T., Yoshida, T., Gunji, Y., Okahisa, S., Kusdianto, K., Gen, M., Sato, S., Lenggoro, I.W. (2015) Preliminary study on the measurement of the electrostatic charging state of $PM_{2.5}$ collected on filter media. Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment 9, 137-145. https://doi.org/10.5572/ajae.2015.9.2.137
  19. Pope III, C.A., Thun, M.J., Namboodiri, M.M., Dockery, D.W., Evans, J.S., Speizer, F.E., Heath Jr., C.W. (1995) Particulate air pollution as a predictor of mortality in a prospective study of U.S. adults. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 151, 669-674. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm/151.3_Pt_1.669
  20. Rule, A.M., Geyh, A.S., Ramos-Bonilla, J.P., Mihalic, J.N., Margulies, J.D., Polyak, L.M., Kesavan, J., Breysse, P.N. (2010) Design and characterization of a sequential cyclone system for the collection of bulk particulate matter. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 12, 1807-1814. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0em00034e
  21. Takeda, N., Nishimura, Y., Ozawa, K., Yamamoto, T., Fukui, K., Yoshida, H. (2011) Improvement of particle separation performance by modified dry-cyclone. Journal of the Society of Powder Technology, Japan 48, 840-846 (in Japanese). https://doi.org/10.4164/sptj.48.840
  22. USEPA (2013) National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Particulate Matter; Final Rule, Federal Register 78, January 15.
  23. Van Winkle, L.S., Bein, K., Anderson, D., Pinkerton, K.E., Tablin, F., Wilson, D., Wexler, A.S. (2015) Biological dose response to $PM_{2.5}$: Effect of particle extraction method on platelet and lung responses. Toxicological Sciences 143, 349-359. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfu230
  24. Yoshida, H., Saeki, T., Hashimoto, K., Fujioka, T. (1991) Size classification of submicron powder by air cyclone and three-dimensional analysis. Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan 24, 640-647. https://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.24.640
  25. Zhou, L.X., Soo, S.L. (1990) Gas-solid flow and collection of solids in a cyclone separator. Powder Technology 63, 45-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-5910(90)80006-K

Cited by

  1. Development of a High-Volume Simultaneous Sampler for Fine and Coarse Particles using Virtual Impactor and Cyclone Techniques vol.12, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.5572/ajae.2018.12.1.078
  2. Effects of roughness on the performance of axial flow cyclone separators using numerical simulation method pp.2041-2967, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1177/0957650919831892
  3. Effects of Wall Roughness on the Separation Performance of Hydrocyclones under Different Inlet Conditions vol.60, pp.30, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01302