Steel and Composite Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Ballistic impact response of Kevlar Composites with filled epoxy matrix

  • Pekbey, Yeliz (Ege University, Department of Mechanical Engineering) ;
  • Aslantas, Kubilay (Afyon Kocatepe Faculty of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering ANS Campus) ;
  • Yumak, Nihal (Afyon Kocatepe Faculty of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering ANS Campus)
  • Received : 2016.07.01
  • Accepted : 2017.03.20
  • Published : 2017.06.10
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Impact resistance and weight are important features for ballistic materials. Kevlar fibres are the most widely reinforcement for military and civil systems due to its excellent impact resistance and high strength-to-weight ratio. Kevlar fibres or spectra fiber composites are used for designing personal body armour to avoid perforation. In this study, the ballistic impact behaviour of Kevlar/filled epoxy matrix is investigated. Three different fillers, nanoclay, nanocalcite and nanocarbon, were used in order to increase the ballistic impact performance of Kevlar-epoxy composite at lower weight. The filler, nanoclay and nanocalcite, content employed was 1 wt.% and 2 of the epoxy resin-hardener mixture while the nanocarbon were dispersed into the epoxy system in a 0.5%, 1% and 2% ratio in weight relating to the epoxy matrix. Specimens were produced by a hand lay-up process. The results obtained from ballistic impact experiments were discussed in terms of damage and perforation. The experimental tests revealed a number of damage mechanisms for composite laminated plates. In the ballistic impact test, it was observed whether the target was perforated completely penetrated at the back or not. The presence of small amounts of nanoclay and nanocalcite dispersed into the epoxy system improved the impact properties of the Kevlar/epoxy composites. The laminates manufactured with epoxy resin filled by 1 wt.% of nanoclay and 2 wt% nanocalcite showed the best performance in terms of ballistic performance. The addition of nanocarbon reduced ballistic performance of Kevlar-epoxy composites when compared the results obtained for laminates with 0% nanoparticles concentration.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)

References

  1. Avila, A.F., Neto, A.S. and Junior, H.N. (2011), "Hybrid nanocomposites for mid-range ballistic protection", Int. J. Impact Eng., 38(8-9), 669-676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2011.03.002
  2. Bandaru, A.K., Lakshmi, V. and Suhail, A. (2015), "The effect of hybridization on the ballistic impact behavior of hybrid composite armors", Compos. Part B: Eng., 76, 300-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.03.012
  3. Chisholm, N., Mahfuz, H., Rangari, V.K., Ashfaq, A. and Jeelani, S. (2005), "Fabrication and mechanical characterization of carbon/SiC-epoxy nanocomposites", Compos. Struct., 67(1), 115-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2004.01.010
  4. Chowdhury, F.H., Hosur, M.V. and Jeelani, S. (2006), "Studies on the flexural and thermomechanical properties of woven carbon/nanoclay-epoxy laminates", Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 421(1), 298306.
  5. Grujicic, M.B., Pandurangan, D.C., Angstadt, K.L.K. and Cheeseman, B.A. (2007), "Ballistic-performance optimization of a hybrid carbon-nanotube/E-glass reinforced poly-vinylester-epoxy-matrix composite armour", J. Mater. Sci., 42(14), 5347-5359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0959-x
  6. Ferreira, J.A.M., Reis, P.N.B., Costa, J.D.M., Richardson, B.C.H. and Richardson, M.O.W. (2011a), "A study of the mechanical behaviour on injection moulded nanoclay enhanced polypropylene composites", J. Compos. Mater., 26(6), 721-732.
  7. Ferreira, J.A.M., Reis, P.N.B., Costa, J.D.M., Richardson, B.C.H. and Richardson, M.O.W. (2011b), "A study of the mechanical properties on polypropylene enhanced by surface treated nanoclays", Compos. Part B, 42(6), 1366-1372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.05.038
  8. Ferreira, J.A.M., Reis, P.N.B., Costa, J.D.M. and Richardson, M.O.W. (2013), "Fatigue behaviour of Kevlar composites with nanoclay-filled epoxy resin", J. Compos. Mater., 47(15), 1885-1895. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998312452024
  9. Frontan, J., Zhang, Y., Dao, M., Lu, J., Galvez, F. and Jerusalem, A. (2012), "Ballistic performance of nanocrystalline and nanotwinned ultrafine crystal steel", Acta Materialia, 60(3), 1353-1367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2011.11.029
  10. Haque, A., Shamsuzzoha, M., Hussain, F. and Dean, D. (2003), "S2-Glass/Epoxy polymer nanocomposites: Manufacturing, structures thermal and mechanical properties", J. Compos. Mater., 37(20), 1821-1837. https://doi.org/10.1177/002199803035186
  11. Ho, M.W., Lam, C.K., Lau, K.T., Ng, D.H. and Hui, D. (2006), "Mechanical properties of epoxy-based composites using nanoclays", Compos. Struct., 75(1), 415-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2006.04.051
  12. Hou, W., Zhu, F., Lu, G. and Fang, D.N. (2010), "Ballistic impact experiments of metallic sandwich panels with aluminium foam core", Int. J. Impact Eng., 37, 1045-1055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2010.03.006
  13. Liu, S., Wang, J., Wang, Y. and Wang, Y. (2010), "Improving the ballistic performance of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fiber reinforced composites using conch particles", Mater. Des., 31, 1711-1715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2009.01.044
  14. Liu, W., Chen, Z., Chen, Z., Cheng, X., Wang, Y., Chen, X., Liu, J., Li, B. and Wang, S. (2015), "Influence of different back laminate layers on ballistic performance of ceramic composite armor", Mater. Des., 87, 421-427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.08.024
  15. Mahfuz, H., Adnan, A., Rangari, V.K., Jeelani, S. and Jang, B.Z. (2004), "Carbon nanoparticles/whiskers reinforced composites and their tensile response", Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Eng., 35(5), 519-527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2004.02.002
  16. Mohagheghian, I., McShane, G.J. and Strongea, W.J. (2011), "Impact response of polyethylene nanocomposites", Procedia Eng., 10, 704-709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.04.117
  17. O'Masta, M.R., Deshpande, V.S. and Wadley, H.N.G. (2014), "Mechanisms of projectile penetration in Dyneema encapsulated aluminum structures", Int. J. Impact Eng., 74, 16-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2014.02.002
  18. Pandya, K.S., Pothnis, J.R., Ravikumar, G. and Naik, N.K. (2013), "Ballistic impact behavior of hybrid composites", Mater. Des., 44, 128-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.07.044
  19. Park, J.H. and Jana, S.C. (2003), "Mechanism of exfoliation of nanoclay particles in epoxy-clay nanocomposites", Macromolecules, 36(8), 2758-2768. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma021509c
  20. Pol, M.H., Liaghat, G.H. and Hajiarazi, F. (2012), "Effect of nanoclay on ballistic behavior of woven fabric composites: Experimental investigation", J. Compos. Mater., 47(13), 1563-1573. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998312449768
  21. Pol, M.H., Liaghat, G.H. and Hajiarazi, F. (2013), "Effect of nanoclay on ballistic behavior of woven fabric composites: Experimental investigation", J. Compos. Mater., 47(13), 1563-1573. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998312449768
  22. Qian, L. (2004), "Nanotechnology in textiles: Recent developments and future prospects", AATCC Review 4.5, pp. 14-16.
  23. Rama, P., Subba, R., Sreekantha, R.T., Madhu, V., Gogia, A.K. and Venkateswara, K.R. (2015), "Behavior of E-glass composite laminates under ballistic impact", Mater. Des., 84, 79-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.06.094
  24. Randjbaran, E., Zahari, R., Aswan, N., Abang, D.L. and Majid, A. (2014), "Hybrid composite laminates reinforced with kevlar/carbon/glass woven fabrics for ballistic impact testing", The Sci. World J., 1-7.
  25. Reis, P.N.B., Ferreira, J.A.M., Santos, P., Richardson, M.O.W. and Santos, J.B. (2012), "Impact response of Kevlar composites with filled epoxy matrix", Compos. Struct., 94(12), 3520-3528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.05.025
  26. Sorrentinoa, L., Bellini, C., Corrado, A., Polini, W. and Arico, R. (2015), "Ballistic performance evaluation of composite laminates in kevlar 29", Proceeding Eng., 88, 255-262.
  27. Talib, A.A., Abbud, L.H., Ali, A. and Mustapha, F. (2012), "Ballistic impact performance of Kevlar-29 and $Al_2O_3$ powder/epoxy targets under high velocity impact", Mater. Des., 35, 12-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.08.045
  28. Vargas-Gonzalez, L.R. and Gurganus, J.C. (2015), "Hybridized composite architecture for mitigation of non-penetrating ballistic trauma", Int. J. Impact Eng., 86, 295-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2015.08.014
  29. Wang, Z., Massam, J., Pinnavaia, T.J. and Beall, G.W. (2001), Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites, Wiley, New York, NY, USA.

Cited by

  1. Cryogenic and Aging Treatment Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Ti-15V-3Al-3Cr-3Sn Titanium Alloy vol.49, pp.5, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1520/jte20200078
  2. A non-dimensional theoretical approach to model high-velocity impact on thick woven plates vol.38, pp.6, 2021, https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2021.38.6.717
  3. A Review of Prestressed Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites vol.14, pp.1, 2022, https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14010060