International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials

Korea Concrete Institute (한국콘크리트학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Repair of Pre-cracked Reinforced Concrete (RC) Beams with Openings Strengthened Using FRP Sheets Under Sustained Load

  • Osman, Bashir H. (College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University) ;
  • Wu, Erjun (College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University) ;
  • Ji, Bohai (College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University) ;
  • Abdulhameed, Suhaib S. (College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University)
  • Received : 2016.04.22
  • Accepted : 2016.11.17
  • Published : 2017.03.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Strengthening reinforced concrete (RC) beams with openings by using aramid fiber reinforcement polymers (AFRP) on the beams' surfaces offers a useful solution for upgrading concrete structures to carry heavy loads. This paper presents a repairing technique of the AFRP sheets that effectively strengthens RC beams, controls both the failure modes and the stress distribution around the beam chords and enhances the serviceability (deflection produced under working loads be sufficiently small and cracking be controlled) of pre-cracked RC beams with openings. To investigate the possible damage that was caused by the service load and to simulate the structure behavior in the site, a comprehensive experimental study was performed. Two unstrengthened control beams, four beams that were pre-cracked before the application of the AFRP sheets and one beam that was strengthened without pre-cracking were tested. Cracking was first induced, followed by repair using various orientations of AFRP sheets, and then the beams were tested to failure. This load was kept constant during the strengthening process. The results show that both the preexisting damage level and the FRP orientation have a significant effect on strengthening effectiveness and failure mode. All of the strengthened specimens exhibited higher capacities with capacity enhancements ranging from 21.8 to 66.4%, and the crack width reduced by 25.6-82.7% at failure load compared to the control beam. Finally, the authors present a comparison between the experimental results and the predictions using the ACI 440.2R-08 guidelines.

Keywords

References

  1. Abdulhameed, S. S., Wu, E., & Ji, B. (2013). Mechanical prestressing system for strengthening reinforced concrete members with prestressed carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer sheets. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 29(3), 04014081. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000478
  2. ACI-014. (2014). Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary. Farmington Hills, MI.
  3. ACI-440.2R-08. (2008). Guide for the design and construction of externally bonded FRP systems for strengthening concrete structures. Farmington Hills, MI.
  4. Ashour, A. F., & Rishi, G. (2000). Tests of reinforced concrete continuous deep beams with web openings. Structural Journal, 97(3), 418-426.
  5. Aykac, B., Kalkan, I., Aykac, S., & Egriboz, Y. E. (2013). Flexural behavior of RC beams with regular square or circular web openings. Engineering Structures, 56, 2165-2174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.08.043
  6. Campione, G., & Minafo, G. (2012). Behaviour of concrete deep beams with openings and low shear span-to-depth ratio. Engineering Structures, 41, 294-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.03.055
  7. Chaallal, O., Shahawy, M., & Hassan, M. (2002). Performance of reinforced concrete T-girders strengthened in shear with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer fabric. ACI Structural Journal, 99(3), 335-343.
  8. Damian, K., Thomas, M., Solomon, Y., Kasidit, C., & Tanarat, P. (2001). Finite element modeling of reinforced concrete structures strengthened with FRP laminates. Salem, OR: Report for Oregon Department of Transportation.
  9. Deborah, D. C. (1994). Carbon fiber composites (1st ed.). Waltham, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann Publisher.
  10. Dias, S. J., & Barros, J. A. (2008). Shear strengthening of T cross section reinforced concrete beams by near-surface mounted technique. Journal of Composites for Construction, 12(3), 300-311. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2008)12:3(300)
  11. Dirar, S., Lees, J. M., & Morley, C. (2013). Phased nonlinear finite-element analysis of precracked RC T-beams repaired in shear with CFRP sheets. Journal of Composite for Construction, 17(4), 476-487. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000341
  12. El Maaddawy, T., & Sherif, S. (2009). FRP composites for shear strengthening of reinforced concrete deep beams with openings. Composite Structures, 89(1), 60-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2008.06.022
  13. El-Ashkar, N., A. Morsy, & K. Helmi, (2012). FRP repair technique for RC beams pre-damaged in shear. In Proceedings of 14th International Structural faults and repair. Edinburgh: Engineering Technics Press.
  14. Etman, E. (2011). Strengthening of T-section RC beams in shear using CFRP. In Proceedings of concrete solutions. 14th international conference on concrete repair. Dresden, Germany.
  15. Ferreira, D., Oller, E., Mari, A., & Bairan, J. (2013). Numerical analysis of shear critical RC beams strengthened in shear with FRP sheets. Journal of Composites for Construction, 17(6), 04013016. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000434
  16. Hawileh, R. A., El-Maaddawy, T. A., & Naser, M. Z. (2012). Nonlinear finite element modeling of concrete deep beams with openings strengthened with externally-bonded composites. Materials and Design, 42, 378-387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.06.004
  17. Hoult, N. A., & Lees, J. M. (2009). Modeling of an unbonded CFRP strap shear retrofitting system for reinforced concrete beams. Journal of composites for construction, 13(4), 292-301. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000013
  18. Hussain, Q., & Pimanmas, A. (2015). Shear strengthening of RC deep beams with openings using Sprayed Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites (SGFRP): Part 1. Experimental study. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 19(7), 2121-2133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-015-0243-1
  19. Hussein, M., Afefy, H. M. E.-D., & Khalil, A.-H. A.-K. (2013). Innovative repair technique for RC beams predamaged in shear. Journal of Composite for Construction, 17(6), 04013005. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000404
  20. Khalifa, A., Gold, W. J., Nanni, A., & Abdel Aziz, M. I. (1998). Contribution of externally bonded FRP to shear capactiy of RC flexural members. Journal of Composites for Construction, 2(4), 195-202. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(1998)2:4(195)
  21. Kim, S., & Vecchio, F. J. (2008). Modeling of shear-critical reinforced concrete structures repaired with fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Journal of Structural Engineering, 134(8), 1288-1299. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:8(1288)
  22. Lin, X., & Zhang, Y. (2013). Bond-slip behaviour of FRPreinforced concrete beams. Construction and Building Materials, 44, 110-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.03.023
  23. Mansur, M. (1998). Effect of openings on the behaviour and strength of R/C beams in shear. Cement & Concrete Composites, 20(6), 477-486. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-9465(98)00030-4
  24. Mansur, M.A. (2006). Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Web Openings. In Proceedings of the 6th ASI-pacific Structural Engineering and Construction Conference (APSEC 2006). 5-6 September 2006, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
  25. Mansur, M., & Alwis, W. (1984). Reinforced fibre concrete deep beams with web openings. International Journal of Cement Composites and Lightweight Concrete, 6(4), 263-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/0262-5075(84)90021-6
  26. Mansur, M., Tan, K.-H., & Wei, W. (1999). Effects of creating an opening in existing beams. Structural Journal, 96(6), 899-905.
  27. Osman, B. H., Wu, E., Ji, B., & Abdulhameed, S. S. (2016). Shear behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams with circular web openings without additional shear reinforcement. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering. doi: 10.1007/s12205-016-0387-7.
  28. Richardson, T., & Fam, A. (2014). Modulus effect of bonded CFRP laminates used for repairing preyield and postyield cracked concrete beams. Journal of Composite for Construction, 18(4), 04013054. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000454
  29. Shanmugam, N. E., & Swaddiwudhipong, S. (1988). Strength of fibre reinforced concrete deep beams containing openings. International Journal of Cement Composites and Lightweight Concrete, 10(1), 53-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/0262-5075(88)90022-X
  30. Singh, S. B. (2013). Shear response and design of RC beams strengthened using CFRP laminates. International Journal of Advanced Structural Engineering (IJASE), 5(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/2008-6695-5-1
  31. Torunbalci, N. (2002). Behaviour and design of large rectangular openings in reinforced concrete beams. Architectural Science Review, 45(2), 91-96. https://doi.org/10.1080/00038628.2002.9697497
  32. Vecchio, F. J., & Bucci, F. (1999). Analysis of repaired reinforced concrete structures. Journal of Structural Engineering, 125(6), 644-652. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1999)125:6(644)
  33. Yang, K.-H., Eun, H.-C., & Chung, H.-S. (2006). The influence of web openings on the structural behavior of reinforced high-strength concrete deep beams. Engineering Structures, 28(13), 1825-1834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.03.021
  34. Zhang, Z., Hsu, C.-T. T., & Moren, J. (2004). Shear strengthening of reinforced concrete deep beams using carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates. Journal of Composites for Construction, 8(5), 403-414. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2004)8:5(403)
  35. Zhou, Y.-W., Wu, Y.-F., & Yun, Y. (2010). Analytical modeling of the bond-slip relationship at FRP-concrete interfaces for adhesively-bonded joints. Composites Part B Engineering, 41(6), 423-433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2010.06.004

Cited by

  1. Corrosion Deterioration of Steel in Cracked SHCC vol.11, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40069-017-0205-8
  2. Stochastic-Based Nonlinear Numerical Modeling of Shear Critical RC Beam Repaired with Bonded CFRP Sheets vol.23, pp.5, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000966
  3. Effect of Web Openings on Flexural Behaviour of Underground Metro Station RC Beams under Static and Cyclic Loading vol.2020, pp.None, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1210485
  4. Experimental Investigation of Reinforced Concrete Beam with Openings Strengthened Using FRP Sheets under Cyclic Load vol.13, pp.14, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13143127
  5. Strength compensation of deep beams with large web openings using carbon fiber-reinforced polymer sheets vol.24, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433220947195
  6. Testing and modeling of deep beams strengthened with NSM-CFRP reinforcement around cutouts vol.15, pp.None, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00670
  7. A review on the behaviour of reinforced concrete beams with fibre-reinforced polymer-strengthened web openings vol.25, pp.2, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1177/13694332211046344