The korean journal of orthodontics (대한치과교정학회지)

The Korean Association Of Orthodontists (대한치과교정학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Cone-beam computed tomography for the assessment of root-crown ratios of the maxillary and mandibular incisors in a Korean population

  • Choi, Sung-Hwan (Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University) ;
  • Kim, Jung-Suk (Private Practice) ;
  • Kim, Cheol-Soon (Private Practice) ;
  • Yu, Hyung-Seog (Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University) ;
  • Hwang, Chung-Ju (Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University)
  • Received : 2016.02.02
  • Accepted : 2016.06.10
  • Published : 2017.01.25
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: This retrospective, cross-sectional study aimed to establish reference data for normal crown and root lengths and the root-crown ratios (R/C ratios) for the mature maxillary and mandibular incisors in a Korean population by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: We included 672 Korean patients (141 men and 531 women; mean age, $27.2{\pm}7.7years$) who underwent CBCT examinations during various dental treatments. Crown and root lengths and the R/C ratios of the maxillary and mandibular incisors were measured using CBCT data, which were analyzed to detect significant differences between demographic factors as well as sagittal and vertical skeletal or occlusal relationships. Results: Teeth of the same type in each half-arch were symmetrical. The mean R/C ratios varied from 1.1 to 1.2 for the maxillary incisors and from 1.3 to 1.4 for the mandibular incisors. Crown and root lengths were greater in men than in women, regardless of tooth type. Root lengths and R/C ratios for the mandibular incisors were significantly greater in patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion or an excessive overjet than in the other patients. The R/C ratios for the mandibular incisors were lower in patients with an open bite than in those with a normal or deep bite. Moreover, the R/C ratios for the mandibular incisors increased with age. Conclusions: The data obtained in our study can serve as reference values for crown and root lengths and the R/C ratios for the maxillary and mandibular incisors in the Korean population.

Keywords

References

  1. Janson GR, De Luca Canto G, Martins DR, Henriques JF, De Freitas MR. A radiographic comparison of apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment with 3 different fixed appliance techniques. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2000;118:262-73. https://doi.org/10.1067/mod.2000.99136
  2. Sameshima GT, Asgarifar KO. Assessment of root resorption and root shape: periapical vs panoramic films. Angle Orthod 2001;71:185-9.
  3. Hikida T, Yamaguchi M, Shimizu M, Kikuta J, Yoshino T, Kasai K. Comparisons of orthodontic root resorption under heavy and jiggling reciprocating forces during experimental tooth movement in a rat model. Korean J Orthod 2016;46:228-41. https://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2016.46.4.228
  4. Sameshima GT, Sinclair PM. Predicting and preventing root resorption: Part I. Diagnostic factors. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2001;119:505-10. https://doi.org/10.1067/mod.2001.113409
  5. Sameshima GT, Sinclair PM. Predicting and preventing root resorption: Part II. Treatment factors. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2001;119:511-5. https://doi.org/10.1067/mod.2001.113410
  6. Marques LS, Ramos-Jorge ML, Rey AC, Armond MC, Ruellas AC. Severe root resorption in orthodontic patients treated with the edgewise method: prevalence and predictive factors. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010;137:384-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2008.04.024
  7. Holtta P, Nystrom M, Evalahti M, Alaluusua S. Rootcrown ratios of permanent teeth in a healthy Finnish population assessed from panoramic radiographs. Eur J Orthod 2004;26:491-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/26.5.491
  8. Lind V. Short root anomaly. Scand J Dent Res 1972;80:85-93.
  9. Yun HJ, Jeong JS, Pang NS, Kwon IK, Jung BY. Radiographic assessment of clinical root-crown ratios of permanent teeth in a healthy Korean population. J Adv Prosthodont 2014;6:171-6. https://doi.org/10.4047/jap.2014.6.3.171
  10. Lund H, Grondahl K, Grondahl HG. Cone beam computed tomography for assessment of root length and marginal bone level during orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod 2010;80:466-73. https://doi.org/10.2319/072909-427.1
  11. Leach HA, Ireland AJ, Whaites EJ. Radiographic diagnosis of root resorption in relation to orthodontics. Br Dent J 2001;190:16-22.
  12. Brezniak N, Goren S, Zoizner R, Shochat T, Dinbar A, Wasserstein A, et al. The accuracy of the cementoenamel junction identification on periapical films. Angle Orthod 2004;74:496-500.
  13. Tian Y, Liu F, Sun H, Lv P, Cao Y, Yu M, et al. Alveolar bone thickness around maxillary central incisors of different inclination assessed with conebeam computed tomography. Korean J Orthod 2015;45:245-52. https://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2015.45.5.245
  14. Kim SY, Lim SH, Gang SN, Kim HJ. Crown and root lengths of incisors, canines, and premolars measured by cone-beam computed tomography in patients with malocclusions. Korean J Orthod 2013;43:271-8. https://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2013.43.6.271
  15. Stenvik A, Mjor IA. Pulp and dentine reactions to experimental tooth intrusion. A histologic study of the initial changes. Am J Orthod 1970;57:370-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9416(70)90219-8
  16. Linge BO, Linge L. Apical root resorption in upper anterior teeth. Eur J Orthod 1983;5:173-83. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/5.3.173
  17. Penny RE, Kraal JH. Crown-to-root ratio: its significance in restorative dentistry. J Prosthet Dent 1979;42:34-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(79)90327-5
  18. Mirabella AD, Artun J. Prevalence and severity of apical root resorption of maxillary anterior teeth in adult orthodontic patients. Eur J Orthod 1995;17:93-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/17.2.93
  19. Baumrind S, Korn EL, Boyd RL. Apical root resorption in orthodontically treated adults. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1996;110:311-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(96)80016-3
  20. Lupi JE, Handelman CS, Sadowsky C. Prevalence and severity of apical root resorption and alveolar bone loss in orthodontically treated adults. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1996;109:28-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(96)70160-9
  21. Orozco-Varo A, Arroyo-Cruz G, Martinez-de-Fuentes R, Jimenez-Castellanos E. Biometric analysis of the clinical crown and the width/length ratio in the maxillary anterior region. J Prosthet Dent 2015;113:565-70.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2014.11.006
  22. Mohandesan H, Ravanmehr H, Valaei N. A radiographic analysis of external apical root resorption of maxillary incisors during active orthodontic treatment. Eur J Orthod 2007;29:134-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjl090
  23. Brin I, Tulloch JF, Koroluk L, Philips C. External apical root resorption in Class II malocclusion: a retrospective review of 1- versus 2-phase treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003;124:151-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(03)00166-5
  24. Nanekrungsan K, Patanaporn V, Janhom A, Korwanich N. External apical root resorption in maxillary incisors in orthodontic patients: associated factors and radiographic evaluation. Imaging Sci Dent 2012;42:147-54. https://doi.org/10.5624/isd.2012.42.3.147
  25. Uehara S, Maeda A, Tomonari H, Miyawaki S. Relationships between the root-crown ratio and the loss of occlusal contact and high mandibular plane angle in patients with open bite. Angle Orthod 2013;83:36-42. https://doi.org/10.2319/042412-341.1
  26. Mavragani M, Vergari A, Selliseth NJ, Boe OE, Wisth PL. A radiographic comparison of apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment with a standard edgewise and a straight-wire edgewise technique. Eur J Orthod 2000;22:665-74. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/22.6.665
  27. Costopoulos G, Nanda R. An evaluation of root resorption incident to orthodontic intrusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1996;109:543-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(96)70140-3
  28. Martins DR, Tibola D, Janson G, Maria FR. Effects of intrusion combined with anterior retraction on apical root resorption. Eur J Orthod 2012;34:170-5. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjq178

Cited by

  1. Is Short Root Anomaly (SRA) a risk factor for increased external apical root resorption in orthodontic patients? A retrospective case control study using cone beam computerized tomography vol.22, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12254
  2. Ethnic differences in the root to crown ratios of the permanent dentition vol.22, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12288
  3. A prospective, split-mouth, clinical study of orthodontic titanium miniscrews with machined and acid-etched surfaces vol.89, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.2319/031618-211.1
  4. Estimation of root inclination of anterior teeth from virtual study models: accuracy of a commercial software vol.20, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40510-019-0298-5
  5. Root-crown ratio: a new method for measurement of orthodontic external apical root resorption vol.79, pp.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1080/13440241.2020.1712823
  6. Diagnostic and Treatment Approach in the Management of Dental Anomalies Associated with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome: A Case Report vol.14, pp.4, 2021, https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1986
  7. Difference in Average Length of Maxillary Incisors between the Deuteromalayid and Protomalayid Sub-races vol.12, pp.2, 2021, https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1805
  8. Relationship Between Crown to Root Ratio and Alveolar Bone Support in Patients With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Alveolus vol.58, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1177/1055665620950155
  9. Association between Smoking during Pregnancy and Short Root Anomaly in Offspring vol.18, pp.21, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111662
  10. Gender- and age-related differences in the width of attached gingiva and clinical crown length in anterior teeth vol.21, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01639-4