Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology

The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers (대한전기학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

CAMR: Congestion-Aware Multi-Path Routing Protocol for Wireless Mesh Networks

  • Received : 2015.11.16
  • Accepted : 2016.08.10
  • Published : 2017.01.02
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) is a multi-hop wireless network consisting of mesh routers and clients, where the mesh routers have minimal mobility and form the backbone. The WMN is primarily designed to access outer network to mesh clients through backhaul gateways. As traffic converges on the gateways, traffic hotspots are likely to form in the neighborhood of the gateways. In this paper, we propose Congestion Aware Multi-path Routing (CAMR) protocol to tackle this problem. Upon congestion, CAMR divides the clients under a mesh STA into two groups and returns a different path for each group. The CAMR protocol triggers multi-path routing in such a manner that the packet reordering problem is avoided. Through simulations, we show that CAMR improves the performance of the WMN in terms of throughput, delay and packet drop ratio.

Keywords

References

  1. W. Meng and R. Ma, and H.-H. Chen "Smart Grid Neighborhood Area Networks: A Survey," IEEE Network, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 24-32, Jan.-Feb. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/MNET.2014.6724103
  2. D. Benyamina, A. Hafid, and M. Gendreau, "Wireless Mesh Networks Design - A Survey," IEEE Communications Survey and Tutorials, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 299-310, second quarter. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1109/SURV.2011.042711.00007
  3. M. Kuzlu, M. Pipattanasomporn, and S. Rahman, "Communication Network Requirements for Major Smart Grid Applications in HAN, NAN and WAN," Computer Networks, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 74-86, Jul. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2014.03.029
  4. IEEE 802.11-2012 Standard for Information Technology-Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks-Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications. Mar. 2012.
  5. S. Das, C. Perkins and E. Royer, "Ad Hoc on Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing," IETF RFC3561, Jul. 2003.
  6. S. Lee and M. Gerla, "Split Multipath Routing with Maximally Disjoint Paths in Ad Hoc Networks," in Proc. IEEE ICC, Jun. 2001.
  7. M. Marina and S. Das, "On-demand Multipath Distance Vector Routing in Ad Hoc Networks," in Proc. of IEEE ICNP, Nov. 2001.
  8. A. Bhorkar, T. Javidi, and A. Snoeren, "Achieving Congestion Diversity in Multi-Hop Wireless Mesh Networks," IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 473-483, Mar. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMC.2014.2323076
  9. R. Draves, J. Padhye, and B. Zill, "Routing in Multiradio, Multi-hop Wireless Mesh Networks," in Proc. MobiCom, Sep.-Oct. 2004.
  10. Y. Hu, W. He, S. Yanh and Y. Zhou, "Multi-Gateway Multi-Path Routing Protocol for 802.11s WMN," in Proc. IEEE WiMob, Oct. 2010.
  11. P. Lin, K. H. Yeung and K. Y. Wong, "Multiple Path Routing using Tree-Based Multiple Portal Association for Wireless Mesh Networks," in Proc. IEEE ISWPC, Feb. 2011.
  12. K. Ramachandran, I. Sheriff, E. Belding, K. Almeroth, "A Multi-radio 802.11 Mesh Network Architecture," Mobile Networks and Applications, vol. 13, pp. 132-146, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-008-0026-8
  13. E. Alotaibi, B. Mukherjee "A Survey on Routing Algorithms for Wireless Ad-Hoc and Mesh Networks," Computer Networks, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 940-965, Feb. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2011.10.011
  14. IEEE Standards Association, [Online]. Available: http://standards.ieee.org/regauth/groupmac/tutorial.html Accessed: Nov. 16, 2015.
  15. J. Kim, D. Kim, K.-W. Lim, Y.-B. Ko, and S.-Y. Lee, "Improving the Reliability of IEEE 802.11s Based Wireless Mesh Networks for Smart Grid Systems," Journal of Communications and Networks, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 629-639, Dec. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1109/JCN.2012.00029
  16. K. Akkaya, and K. Rabieh, M. Mahmoud, and S. Tonyali, "Customized Certificate Revocation Lists for IEEE 802.11s-based Smart Grid AMI Networks," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 2366-2374, Sep. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2015.2390131
  17. A. Robertsingh, D. Devaraj, R. Narmathabanu, "Development and Analysis of Wireless Mesh Networks with Load-balancing for AMI in Smart Grid," in Proc. CoCoNet, India, Dec. 2015.
  18. B. Das and S. Roy, "Load Balancing Techniques for Wireless Mesh Networks: A Survey," in Proc. ISCBI, Aug. 2013.
  19. L. Ma and M. Denko, "A Routing Metric for Load- Balancing in Wireless Mesh Networks," in Proc. AINAW, May 2007.
  20. J. Galvez, P. Ruiz, "Efficient Rate Allocation, Routing and Channel Assignment in Wireless Mesh Networks Supporting Dynamic Traffic Flows," Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 1765-1781, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2013.04.002
  21. B. Blywis, M. Gunes, F. Juraschek, J. Schiller, "Trends, Advances, and Challenges in Testbed-based Wireless Mesh Network Research," Mobile Networks and Applications, vol. 10, pp. 315-329, 2010.
  22. H. Skalli, S. Ghosh, S. Das, L. Lenzini, M. Conti, "Channel Assignment Strategies for Multiradio Wireless Mesh Networks: Issues and Solutions," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 45, no. 11, pp. 86-95, Nov. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2007.4378326