Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology

The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers (대한전기학회)
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Design and SAR Analysis of Wearable Antenna on Various Parts of Human Body, Using Conventional and Artificial Ground Planes

  • Ali, Usman (Dept. of Telecommunication Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology) ;
  • Ullah, Sadiq (Dept. of Telecommunication Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology) ;
  • Khan, Jalal (Dept. of Telecommunication Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology) ;
  • Shafi, Muhammad (Dept. of Computer Science, Islamic University Madinah) ;
  • Kamal, Babar (Dept. of Telecommunication Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology) ;
  • Basir, Abdul (Dept. of Telecommunication Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology) ;
  • Flint, James A (School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University) ;
  • Seager, Rob D. (School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University)
  • Received : 2016.05.23
  • Accepted : 2016.10.24
  • Published : 2017.01.02
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Abstract

This paper presents design and specific absorption rate analysis of a 2.4 GHz wearable patch antenna on a conventional and electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) ground planes, under normal and bent conditions. Wearable materials are used in the design of the antenna and EBG surfaces. A woven fabric (Zelt) is used as a conductive material and a 3 mm thicker Wash Cotton is used as a substrate. The dielectric constant and tangent loss of the substrate are 1.51 and 0.02 respectively. The volume of the proposed antenna is $113{\times}96.4{\times}3mm^3$. The metamaterial surface is used as a high impedance surface which shields the body from the hazards of electromagnetic radiations to reduce the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). For on-body analysis a three layer model (containing skin, fats and muscles) of human arm is used. Antenna employing the EBG ground plane gives safe value of SAR (i.e. 1.77W/kg<2W/kg), when worn on human arm. This value is obtained using the safe limit of 2 W/kg, averaged over 10g of tissue, specified by the International Commission of Non Ionization Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). The SAR is reduced by 83.82 % as compare to the conventional antenna (8.16 W/kg>2W/kg). The efficiency of the EBG based antenna is improved from 52 to 74 %, relative to the conventional counterpart. The proposed antenna can be used in wearable electronics and smart clothing.

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References

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