DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Insights from existing earthquake loss assessment research in Croatia

  • 투고 : 2017.05.22
  • 심사 : 2017.11.29
  • 발행 : 2017.10.25

초록

Seismic risk management has two main technical aspects: to recommend the construction of high-performance buildings and other structures using earthquake-resistant designs or evaluate existing ones, and to prepare emergency plans using realistic seismic scenarios. An overview of seismic risk assessment methodologies in Croatia is provided with details regarding the components of the assessment procedures: hazard, vulnerability and exposure. For Croatia, hazard is presented with two maps and it is expressed in terms of the peak horizontal ground acceleration during an earthquake, with the return period of 95 or 475 years. A standard building typology catalogue for Croatia has not been prepared yet, but a database for the fourth largest city in Croatia is currently in its initial stage. Two methods for earthquake vulnerability assessment are applied and compared. The first is a relatively simple and fast analysis of potential seismic vulnerability proposed by Croatian researchers using damage index (DI) as a numerical value indicating the level of structural damage, while the second is the Macroseismic method.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Ademovic, N. and Hrasnica, M. (2015), "Capacity degradation and crack pattern development in a multi-storey unreinforced masonry building", Gradevinar, 67(4), 351-361.
  2. Ademovic, N., Hrasnica, M. and Oliveira, D.V. (2013), "Pushover analysis and failure pattern of a typical masonry residential building in Bosnia and Herzegovina", Eng. Struct., 50, 13-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.11.031
  3. Aljinovic, B., Blaskovic, I., Cvijanovic, D., Prelogovic, E., Skoko, D. and Brdarevic, N. (1984), "Correlation of geophysical, geological and seismological data in the coastal part of Yugoslavia", Boll. Oceanol. Teor. Appl., 2, 77-90.
  4. Anagostopolus, S.A., Petrovski, J. and Bouwkamp, J.G. (1989), "Emergency earthquake damage and usability assessment of buildings", Earthq. Spectr., 5(3), 461-476. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1585535
  5. Anicic, D. (1992), "Prognoza stete na stambenom fondu i broja zrtava moguceg buduceg potresa u Zagrebu", Civil. Zastit., 1, 135-143.
  6. Anticevic, A., Hadzima-Nyarko, M. and Rabi, A. (2015), "Seismic vulnerability of kindergarten buildings in the city of Osijek", Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Međunarodni Znanstveni Simpozij, Gospodarstvo Istocne Hrvatske-Vizija i Razvoj, Osijek, Croatia, May.
  7. Apostolska, R., Necevska-Cvetanovska, G., Bojadjiev, J. and Bojadjieva, J. (2016), "Seismic performance of RC high-rise buildings-a case study of 44 storey structure in Skopje (Macedonia)", Teh. Vjesn., 23(4), 1177-1183.
  8. ATC-14 (Applied Technology Council), (1987), Evaluation of the Seismic Resistance of Existing Buildings, California, U.S.A.
  9. Bernardini, A., Gori, R. and Modena, C. (1990), Application of Coupled Analytical Models and Experimental Knowledge to Seismic Vulnerability Analyses of Masonry Buildings in Engineering Damage Evaluation and Vulnerability Analysis of Building Structures, Omega Scientific, Oxon, U.K.
  10. Bevington, J., Eguchi, R., Huyck, C., Crowley, H., Dell'Acqua, F., Iannelli, G., Jordan, C., Morley, J., Wieland, M., Parolai, S., Pittore, M., Porter, K., Saito, K., Sarabandi, P., Wright, A. and Wyss, M. (2012), "Exposure data development for the global earthquake model: Inventory data capture tools", Proceedings of the 15th World Conference of Earthquake Engineering, Lisboa, Portugal, September.
  11. Bracci, J.M., Reinhorn, A.M., Mander, J.B. and Kunnath, S.K. (1989), Deterministic Model for Seismic Damage Evaluation of RC Structure, Technical Report NCEER-89-0033, State University of New York, Buffalo, U.S.A.
  12. Brzev, S., Scawthorn, C., Charleson, A.W., Allen, L., Greene, M., Jaiswal, K. and Silva, V. (2013), Exposure Modelling, GEM Building Taxonomy V2.0, Global Earthquake Model GEM, GEM Technical Report 2013-02 V1.0.0.
  13. Bulajic, B.D., Manic, M.I. and Lađinovic, D. (2012), "Towards preparation of design spectra for serbian national annex to eurocode 8-part II: Usage of the UHS approach instead of normalized spectral shapes scaled by a single PSHA parameter", Fact. Universit. Ser.: Architect. Civil Eng., 10(3), 259-274. https://doi.org/10.2298/FUACE1203259B
  14. Calvi, G.M. (1999), "A displacement-based approach for vulnerability evaluation of classes of buildings", J. Earthq. Eng., 3(3), 411-438. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469909350353
  15. Coburn, A. and Spence, R. (2002), Earthquake Protection, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.
  16. Cornell, C.A. (1968), "Engineering seismic risk analysis", Seismol. Soc. Am. Bull., 59(5), 1583-1606.
  17. Crowley, H., Colombi, M., Borzi, B., Faravelli, M., Onida, M., Lopez, M. and Polli, D. (2009), "Comparison of seismic risk maps for Italy", Bull. Earthq. Eng., 7, 149-180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-008-9100-7
  18. Eleftheriadou, A.K. and Karabinis, A.I. (2013), "Evaluation of damage probability matrices from observational seismic damage data", Earthq. Struct., 4(3), 299-324. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2013.4.3.299
  19. Erdik, M., Sesetyan, K., Demircioglu, M.B., Hancilar, U. and Zulfikar, C. (2011), "Rapid earthquake loss assessment after damaging earthquakes", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 31, 247-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2010.03.009
  20. Farsangi, E.N., Tasnimi, A.T. and Mansouri, B. (2015), "Fragility assessment of RC-MRFs under concurrent vertical-horizontal seismic action effects", Comput. Concrete, 16(1), 99-123. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2015.16.1.099
  21. FEMA 2006 (Federal Emergency Management Agency), (2006), HAZUS-MH MR2 Technical Manual, Washington, U.S.A.
  22. Galista, M. and Hadzima-Nyarko, M. (2015), "Assessing seismic risk in retfala nova", Electron. J. Faculty of Civil Eng. OSIJEK-E-GFOS, 6(11), 50-61.
  23. Giovinazzi, S. (2005), "The vulnerability assessment and the damage scenario in seismic risk analysis", Ph.D. Dissertation, University of the Florence, Itlay.
  24. Grunthal, G., Musson, R.M.W., Schwarz, J. and Stucchi, M. (1998), European Macroseismic Scale 1998, Cahiers du Centre Europeen de Geodynamique et de Seismologie, Luxembourg, 15.
  25. Gursoy, S., Oz, R. and Bas, S. (2015), "Investigation of the effect of weak-story on earthquake behavior and rough construction costs of RC buildings", Comput. Concrete, 16(1), 141-161. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2015.16.1.141
  26. Hadzima-Nyarko, M., Lesic, M. and Moric, D. (2017), "Seismic Vulnerability Assessment for Residential Buildings in Osijek, Croatia", Proceedings of the 16th World Conference of Earthquake Engineering, Santiago, Chile, January.
  27. Hadzima-Nyarko, M., Misetic, V., Loncar-Vickovic, S., Jelec, M. and Moric, D. (2015), "Seismic vulnerability of a historical building in Tvrdja using Damage ratio (DR) coefficient", Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Multi-scale Computational Methods for Solids and Fluids, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, June.
  28. Hadzima-Nyarko, M., Moric, D. and Spanic, M. (2014), "Spectral functions of RC frames using a new formula for Damage Index", Tec. Vjesn., 21(1), 163-171.
  29. Hadzima-Nyarko, M., Nyarko, E.K. and Moric, D. (2011b), "A neural network based modelling and sensitivity analysis of damage ratio coefficient", Exp. Syst. Appl., 38(10), 13405-13413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2011.04.169
  30. Hadzima-Nyarko, M., Nyarko, E.K. and Moric, D. (2012), "EDABS: Software for earthquake damage analysis of building structures", Proceedings of the International Symposium on Reliability Engineering and Risk Management, Yokohama, Japan, August.
  31. Hadzima-Nyarko, M., Nyarko, E.K., Draganic, H. and Moric, D. (2011a), Istrazivanje Seizmicke Ostetljivosti Armiranobetonskih Zgrada, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Osijek, Croatia.
  32. Hadzima-Nyarko, M., Pavic, G. and Lesic, M. (2016), "Seismic vulnerability of old confined masonry buildings in Osijek, Croatia", Earthq. Struct., 11(4), 629-648. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2016.11.4.629
  33. Hak, S., Morandi, P., Magenes, G. and Sullivan, T.J. (2012), "Damage control for clay masonry infills in the design of RC frame structures", J. Earthq. Eng., 16(S1), 1-35.
  34. Herak, M. (2012), "Hrvatska karta potresne opasnosti", Proceedings of the IV. Konferencije Hrvatske Platforme za Smanjenje Rizika od Katastrofa, Zagreb, Croatia, December.
  35. Herak, M., Herak, D. and Markusic, S. (1996), "Revision of the earthquake catalogue and seismicity of Croatia, 1908-1992", Terra Nova, 8, 86-94. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.1996.tb00728.x
  36. HRN EN 1998-1 (2011), National Annex to Eurocode 8: Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance-Part 1: General Rules, Seismic Actions and Rules for Buildings, European Committee for Standardization, Bruxelles.
  37. Isik, E. (2016), "Consistency of the rapid assessment method for reinforced concrete buildings", Earthq. Struct., 11(5), 873-885. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2016.11.5.873
  38. Isik, E. and Kutanis, M. (2015), "Performance based assessment for existing residential buildings in Lake Van basin and seismicity of the region", Earthq. Struct., 9(4), 893-910. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2015.9.4.893
  39. Ivandic, N., Hadzima-Nyarko, M. and Stefic, T. (2015), "Seismic vulnerability of primary schools in the city Osijek", Proceedings of the 4th Međunarodni Znanstveni Simpozij, Gospodarstvo Istocne Hrvatske-Vizija i Razvoj", Osijek, Croatia, May.
  40. Kuk, V. (1987), Seismological Maps of Croatia for the Return Periods of 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 and 10 000 Years, Geophysical Institute, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
  41. Lang, D.H. and Jaiswal, K. (2011), Global Database on Seismic Vulnerability Information: Building on the WHE-PAGER Network, Project Proposal Presented to Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR), Washington, U.S.A.
  42. Makhoul, N., Navarro, C., Lee, J. and Abi-Youness, A. (2016), "Assessment of seismic damage to buildings in resilient Byblos city", J. Disast. Risk Reduct., 18, 12-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.05.007
  43. Markusic, S. and Herak, M. (1999), "Seismic zoning of Croatia", Nat. Haz., 18, 269-285.
  44. Markusic, S., Herak, D., Ivancic, I., Sovic, I., Herak, M. and Prelogovic, E. (1998), "Seismicity of Croatia in the period 1993-1996 and the stone-slano earthquake of 1996", Geofizika, 15, 83-101.
  45. McGuire, R.K. (2001), "Deterministic vs. probabilistic earthquake hazards and risks", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 21, 377-384. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(01)00019-7
  46. Medak, D., Pribicevic, B. and Prelogovic, E. (2007), "Recent geodynamical GPS-project in Croatia, raziskave s podrocja geodezije in geofizike 2006", Proceedings of the 12th Strokovno Srecanje Slovenskega Zdruzenja za Geodezijo in Geofiziko, Ljubljana, Slovenija, January.
  47. Milutinovic Z.V. and Trendafiloski G.S. (2003), RISK-UE, An Advanced Approach to Earthquake Risk Scenarios with Applications to Different European Towns, Report to WP4: Vulnerability of current buildings, 109.
  48. Moric, D. (2002), "Seismic resistance diagrams for buildings belonging to architectural heritage", Gradevinar, 54(4), 201-209.
  49. Moric, D., Hadzima, M. and Ivanusic, D. (2001), "Seismic damage model for regular structures", J. Eng. Model., 14(1-4), 29-44.
  50. Moric, D., Hadzima, M. and Ivanusic, D. (2002), "Seismic damage analysis of reinforced concrete structure", Teh. Vjesn., 1-2, 13-26.
  51. Mouroux, P., Bertrand, E., Bour, M., Le Brun, B., Depinois, S. and Masure, P. (2004), "The European RISK-UE project: An advanced approach to earthquake risk scenarios", Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, Canada, August.
  52. Muratovic, A. and Ademovic, N. (2015), "Influence of masonry infill on reinforced concrete frame structures' seismic response", Coupled Syst. Mech., 4(2), 173-189. https://doi.org/10.12989/csm.2015.4.2.173
  53. Nanos, N. and Elenas, A. (2015), "Assessment of infill wall topology contribution in the overall response of frame structures under seismic excitation", Struct. Eng. Mech., 53(2), 355-372. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2015.53.2.355
  54. National Protection and Rescue Directorate (2013), Risk Assessment for Republic of Croatia from Natural and Technical-Technological Disasters and Major Accidents, Republic of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia.
  55. NERA (2011), Report D7.2 State of the Knowledge of Building Inventory Data in Europe, EUCENTRE.
  56. Nikoo, M., Ramezani, F., Hadzima-Nyarko, M., Nyarko, E.K. and Nikoo, M. (2016), "Flood-routing modeling with neural network optimized by social-based algorithm", Nat. Haz., 82, 1-24.
  57. Preciado, A., Ramirez-Gaytan, A., Salido-Ruiz, R.A., Caro- Becerra, J.L. and Lujan-Godinez, R. (2015), "Earthquake risk assessment methods of unreinforced masonry structures: Hazard and vulnerability", Earthq. Struct., 9(4), 719-733. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2015.9.4.719
  58. Prelogovic, E., Cvijanovic, D., Aljinovic, B., Kranjec, V., Skoko, D., Blaskovic, I. and Zagorac, Z. (1982), "Seismotectonic activity along the coastal area of Yugoslavia", Geoloski Vjesnik, 35, 195-207.
  59. Remki, M., Fouad, K., Bechtoula, H. and Bourzam, A. (2016), "Seismic vulnerability assessment of composite reinforced concrete-masonry building", Earthq. Struct., 11(2), 371-386. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2016.11.2.371
  60. Sadeghi, K. and Nouban, F. (2016), "Damage and fatigue quantification of RC structures", Struct. Eng. Mech., 58(6), 1021-1044. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2016.58.6.1021
  61. Skoko, D. and Prelogovic, E. (1989), "Geological and seismic data required for maximum earthquake magnitude determination", Geoloski Vjesnik, 42, 287-299.

피인용 문헌

  1. Characteristics of buildings and seismic vulnerability assessment for the specific area of the city of Osijek vol.789, pp.None, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/789/1/012023