Journal of Digital Convergence (디지털융복합연구)

The Society of Digital Policy and Management (한국디지털정책학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effect of the Cognitive Thinking Trait between Counselor and Client on the Intimacy, Empathy, and Communication Level in the Military Counseling Process

또래상담병을 대상으로 상담자-내담자의 인지사고 특성이 친밀감, 공감, 소통 수준에 미치는 영향

  • Lee, Jung Won (Dept. of Military and Police Counseling, Seoul Cyber University)
  • 이정원 (서울사이버대학교 군경상담학과)
  • Received : 2017.10.16
  • Accepted : 2017.12.20
  • Published : 2017.12.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of counselor-client's intimacy, empathy, and communication level when cognitive thinking trait between counselor and client is the same or not. For this purpose, 70 peer counselors of the S division conducted counseling training for 10 hours with 6 hours of education and 4 hours of practice. All counseling sessions were preceded by APL cognitive test, divided into two cognitive trait, followed by counseling with the same cognitive trait for two hours, and with a different cognitive for two hours. After each session, questionnaires were conducted. The results of this study showed that intimacy, empathy and communication level were significantly higher in counseling with the same trait as counselors than different. The results of this study are verifying the difference of the cognitive trait of the counselor and the client among the variables of the counselors influencing effect in the counseling process. Suggesting the importance of a counseling plan that takes into account the self-understanding of counselor and the trait of the client. Finally, the points of this study were discussed.

본 연구는 상담자-내담자 간 인지사고 특성이 동일할 때와 상이할 때, 상담자에 대한 내담자의 친밀감수준, 공감수준, 소통 수준의 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 G소재 S사단의 또래상담병 70명을 대상으로 상담교육 6시간과 상담실습 4시간으로 총 10시간의 보수교육을 실시하였다. 상담실습에는 상담자로서 상담을 진행하는 시간과 내담자가 되어 최근 스트레스 사건에 대한 상담을 받는 시간으로 진행되었다. 사전에 모든 상담병은 APL 인지특성검사를 진행하였고, 두 가지 인지특성으로 구분하여, 2시간은 상담자와 동일한 인지특성을 가진 내담자와, 2시간은 상담자와 상이한 인지특성을 보이는 내담자와 상담을 진행하였다. 각 상담자와 내담자로서의 상담실습 종료 후, 상담자-내담자 동일성격, 상담자- 내담자 상이한 성격일 때 각 2회 친밀감수준, 공감수준, 소통수준을 자기보고로 평정하도록 하였다. 연구 결과, 상담자와 동일한 특성의 내담자와 상담을 할 때 상이한 특성의 내담자와 상담할 때보다 소통수준과 공감수준이 유의미하게 높게 나타났으며 상담의 친밀감 수준도 유의미하게 높았다. 본 연구결과는 상담의 효과성을 높이기 위해서는 상담자와 내담자의 인지적 특성을 고려한 상담 배치 또는 상담자의 자기이해 및 내담자의 특성을 고려한 상담계획의 중요성을 시사한다.

Keywords

References

  1. M. S. Corey & G. Corey, "Becoming a helper. 4th(ed.). Books. cole", 2003.
  2. C. Maslach, W. B. Schaufeli & M. P. Leiter, "Job Burnout." Annual Reviews of psychology, Vol. 52, pp. 397-422, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397
  3. Hye-Sook Kim, "Understanding of adolescence. Seoul: Korea Youth Counseling Institute", 1998.
  4. Soo-Young Park, "Concept Mapping of the Individual Counselors' Perceived Effective Counselor's Factors." Master's Thesis, Sookmyung University, 2011.
  5. Chang-Dai Kim, Y. J. Han, N. H. Sohn & K. I. Kwon. "The effective counselor's factors in the perspective of client who majored in counseling." The Korea Journal of Counseling, Vol.10, No.1, pp. 83-107, 2009. https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.10.1.200903.83
  6. H. E. A. Tinsley, K. R. Workman, & R. A. Kass, "Factor analysis of the domain of client expectation about counseling." Journal of Counseling Psychology, Vol. 27, pp. 567-579, 1980.
  7. Sook-Ja Kim, "Expectation of clients' counseling according to cognitive style." Master's Thesis, Korea University, 1984.
  8. Myung-Joo Seol, "College Clients' Expectations for Counseling according to their Personality Types." Master's Thesis, Donga University, 1994.
  9. Mi-Sun Chae, "Relationship of primary school students & acute; personality types and problem types to their expectations for counseling." Master's Thesis, Hannam University, 2002.
  10. Young-Shin Joo, "Study on the Influence of the Juvenile Probation's Personality Type on the Counseling Expectation: Focusing on the Juvenile Attendance Center Order Probation Office in Kwangju." Master's Thesis, Chosun University, 2004.
  11. Bong-Yeon Seo, Y. B. Yoo, K.R. Kang, "Effective interpersonal knowhow programs. Seoul: Korea Guidance", 2001
  12. H. Cowie & S. Sharp, "Peer Counseling in Schools. David Fulton Publishers", 1996.
  13. J. F. Clarkin & K .N. Levy, "Bergin and Garfield's handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change. 5th(ed.). NY: Wiley", 2004.
  14. E. L. Holloway & B. E. Wampold "Relation Between Conceptual Level and Counseling-Related Tasks: A Meta-Analysis." Journal of Counseling Psychology, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 310-319, 1986. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.33.3.310
  15. L. R. Goldberg, "Language and individual differences; The search for universals in personality lexicons." Review of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 2, pp. 141-165, 1981.
  16. E. Marziali, C. Marmar & J. Krupnvick, "Therapeutic alliance scales: Development and relationship to psychotherapy outcome." American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 138, pp. 361-364, 1981.
  17. D. E. Hartley, & H. H. Strupp, "The therapeutic alliance: Its relationship to outcome. Empirical studies of psychoanalytical theories. Vol. 1. NJ: Naltical Press", 1983.
  18. S. R. Strong, & C. D. Claiborn, "Change Through Interaction: Social Psychological Process of Counseling and Psychotherapy. NY: Wiley", 1982.
  19. C. G. Jung & M.-L. Franz, "Man and His Symbols. Garden City, NY.: Doubleday", 1964.
  20. H. J. Freudenberger, "Staff burn-out." Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 3, No.1, pp. 159-169, 1974.
  21. S. B. Robbins, & M. P. Jlkovski, "Managing countertransference feelings: An interactional model using awareness of feeling and theoretical framework." Journal of counseling psychology, Vol. 34, pp. 276-282, 1987. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.34.3.276
  22. E. J. Phares, "Introduction to Personality. columbus. OH: Charles E. Merrill", 1984.
  23. G. W. Allport, "Pattern and growth in personality. NY: Holt, Rinehart & Winston", 1961.
  24. Chang-Kyu Ahn & J. H. Chae, "Standardization of the Korean version of revised NEO Personality Inventory." The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy. Vol. 9, No.1, pp. 443-473, 1997.
  25. M. Rutter, "Child Psychiatry: Looking 30 Years ahead." The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, Vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 803-840, 1986. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00202.x
  26. A. R. Luria, "Higher cortical functions in man. NY: Basic Books", 1966.
  27. A. Gregorc. "Gregorc Learning Styles and Achievement in Anatomy and Physiology." The American Journal of Physiology, Vol. 268, No.6, pp. 56-60, 1985.
  28. A. O. Horvath & B. D. Symonds, "Relation between working alliance and outcome in psychotherapy: A metro-analysis." Journal of counseling psychology, Vol. 38, pp. 139-149, 1991. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.38.2.139
  29. K. J. Prager, "The psychology of intimacy. NY: Guilford Press", 1995.
  30. S. H. Birch & G. W. Ladd, "The teacher-child relationship and children's early school adjustment." Journal of Psychology, Vol. 35, No.1, pp. 61-79, 1997.
  31. R. Gifford & B. O'Connor, "The interpersonal circumplex as a behavior map." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 52, pp. 1019-1026, 1987. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.5.1019
  32. R. Evans, "Dialogue with Erik Erikson. NY: Harper & Row", 1987.
  33. In-Hye Dokgo, "The Effects of Child Temperament and Teacher Requirements on School Adjustment." Master's Thesis, Yonsei University, 1993.
  34. M. Lynch & D. Cicchetti, "Maltreated children's reports of relatedness to theirs." Child Development, Vol. 57, pp. 81-108, 1992.
  35. Hee-Eun Kim, Ho-Joon Lee, "The Effects of emotion coaching group counseling program on subjective well-being and interpersonal relations of university students." Journal of Digital Convergence, Vol. 14, No. 12, pp. 625-632, 2016. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2016.14.12.625
  36. R. L. Worthington & D. R. Atkinson, "Effects of perceived etiology attribution similarity on client ratings of counselor credibility." Journal of Counseling Psychology, Vol. 43, pp. 423-429, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.43.4.423
  37. Su-Hyun Kim, "Study on effect of counselor's verbal response and client's level of need affiliation upon process variables in counseling." Ph.D. dissertation, Seoul University, 1998.
  38. C. R. Rogers, "The formative tendency." Journal of Humanistic Psychology, Vol.18, pp. 23-26, 1978. https://doi.org/10.1177/002216787801800103
  39. C. H. Patterson, "Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy. NY: Harper & Row", 1969.
  40. R. L. Worthington & D. R. Atkinson, "Effects of perceived etiology attribution similarity on client ratings of counselor credibility." Journal of Counseling Psychology, Vol. 43, pp. 423-429, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.43.4.423
  41. T. J. Tracey, "Relationship of responsibility attributional congruence to psychotherapy outcome." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, Vol. 7, pp. 131-146, 1988. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.1988.7.2-3.131
  42. J. A. Hopffiman, "Psychological Separation of Late Adolescents from Their Parents." Journal of Counseling Psychology, Vol. 31, No.2, pp. 170-178, 1987. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-0167.31.2.170
  43. H. J. Eysenck & G. Wilson, "Know your own personality. NY: Penguin Books Ltd.", 1991.