International Commerce and Information Review (통상정보연구)

Korea Association for International Commerce and Information (한국통상정보학회)
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Legal Bases and Cases for the Form Requirement under PICC

국제상사계약에 관한 일반원칙(PICC)하에서 계약의 형식요건에 관한 법적 기준과 판결례

  • 심종석 (대구대학교 경상대학 무역학과)
  • Received : 2016.11.11
  • Accepted : 2016.12.20
  • Published : 2016.12.31
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Abstract

PICC are dealing with form requirements of international commercial contract under writings in confirmation, conclusion of contract dependent on agreement on specific matters or in a particular form, contract with terms deliberately left open, merger clauses, modification in a particular form. If a writing which is sent within a reasonable time after the conclusion of the contract and which purports to be a confirmation of the contract contains additional or different terms, such terms become part of the contract, unless they materially alter the contract or the recipient, without undue delay, objects to the discrepancy. Where in the course of negotiations one of the parties insists that the contract is not concluded until there is agreement on specific matters or in a particular form, no contract is concluded before agreement is reached on those matters or in that form. If the parties intend to conclude a contract, the fact that they intentionally leave a term to be agreed upon in further negotiations or to be determined by a third person does not prevent a contract from coming into existence. A contract in writing which contains a clause indicating that the writing completely embodies the terms on which the parties have agreed cannot be contradicted or supplemented by evidence of prior statements or agreements. However, such statements or agreements may be used to interpret the writing. A contract in writing which contains a clause requiring any modification or termination by agreement to be in a particular form may not be otherwise modified or terminated.

본고는 계약의 형식요건과 관련한 PICC상의 서면요건, 특정사항에 및 특정형식에 의한 합의를 조건으로 하는 계약의 성립, 일부의 계약조건이 의도적으로 미정인 계약, 통합조항, 특정형식에 의한 변경 등에 관한 법적 기준과 판결례를 통해 법적 시사점과 유의점을 추론한 논문이다. 승낙의 의사표시에 있어 계약교섭단계에서의 합의를 기초로 서면확약조건과 다른 추가 또는 변경사항은 계약의 일부를 구성하며, 서면확약의 수령자가 침묵과 무위에 임한 경우 당초 합의내용을 중대하게 변경하지 않는 한, 이는 승낙으로 취급된다. 다만 수령인이 부당한 지체 없이 그 조건에 반대하지 않아야 한다. 계약교섭 단계에서 일방이 특정사항 또는 형식으로 합의되기까지 계약이 체결되지 아니한다고 선언한 경우 특정사항 또는 특정형식으로 합의가 이루어지지 않는 한 계약은 체결되지 아니한다. 계약당사자가 계약체결의 의도를 가지고 일부 미결정내용을 추후 합의하거나 또는 제3자가 결정하도록 한 경우 이는 계약의 성립에 영향을 미치지 아니한다. 중대하지 않은 사안, 합의내용의 확정성 정도, 미결정내용의 성격상 추후 확정될 수 있는 사항과 연관되어 있다는 사실, 합의사항이 일부 이행과정에 있다는 사실 등이 결정기준으로 기능한다. 또한 서면에 의해 계약을 체결한 당사자는 추후 계약의 수정 또는 종료가 서면 또는 특정형식에 의한다는 사실을 확약할 목적으로 특별조항을 계약내용에 포함할 수 있다.

Keywords

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