Wind and Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

CFD-DEM modeling of snowdrifts on stepped flat roofs

  • Zhao, Lei (School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University) ;
  • Yu, Zhixiang (School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University) ;
  • Zhu, Fu (School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University) ;
  • Qi, Xin (School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University) ;
  • Zhao, Shichun (School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University)
  • Received : 2016.06.01
  • Accepted : 2016.09.25
  • Published : 2016.12.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Snowdrift formation on roofs should be considered in snowy and windy areas to ensure the safety of buildings. Presently, the prediction of snowdrifts on roofs relies heavily on field measurements, wind tunnel tests and numerical simulations. In this paper, a new snowdrift modeling method by using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) coupled with DEM (Discrete Element Method) is presented, including material parameters and particle size, collision parameters, particle numbers and input modes, boundary conditions of CFD, simulation time and inlet velocity, and coupling calculation process. Not only is the two-way coupling between wind and snow particles which includes the transient changes in snow surface topography, but also the cohesion and collision between snow particles are taken into account. The numerical method is applied to simulate the snowdrift on a typical stepped flat roof. The feasibility of using coupled CFD with DEM to study snowdrift is verified by comparing the simulation results with field measurement results on the snow depth distribution of the lower roof.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : National Natural Science Foundation of China, State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment

References

  1. Architectural Institute of Japan (2006), "Commentary on Recommendations for Loads on Buildings-Chapter 5 snow loads", Tokyo, Japan.
  2. Bang, B., Nielsen, A. and Sundsbo, P.A. and Wiik, T. (1994), "Computer simulation of wind speed, wind pressure and snow accumulation around buildings (SNOW-SIM)", Energ. Buildings, 21(3), 235-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-7788(94)90039-6
  3. Beyers, J.H.M., Sundsbo, P.A. and Harms, T.M. (2004), "Numerical simulation of three-dimensional transient snow drifting around a cube", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 92, 725-747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2004.03.011
  4. Beyers, M. and Waechter, B. (2008), "Modeling transient snowdrift development around complex three dimensional structures", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 96, 1603-1615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2008.02.032
  5. Brosh, T., Kalman, H. and Levy, A. (2011), "Dem simulation of particle attrition in dilute-phase pneumatic conveying", Granular Matter, 13(2), 175-181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10035-010-0201-z
  6. China Meteorological Administration (2009) http://www.cma.gov.cn
  7. Crowe, C.T., Sommerfeld, M. and Tsuji, Y. (1998), Multiphase Flows With Droplets and Particles, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
  8. Cundall, P.A. (1971), A Computer Model for Simulating Progressive, Large-Scale Movements in Block Rock Systems, Symposium of International Society of Rock Mechanics, Vol.1(ii-b), 11-8.
  9. Cundall, P.A. and Strack, O.D.L. (1979), "A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies", Geotechnique, 29(1), 47-65. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1979.29.1.47
  10. Davenport, A.G. (1965), "The relationship of wind structure to wind loading", Proceedings of the Symposium on Wind Effect on Building and Structure, London, Britain.
  11. DEM Solutions (2015), "EDEM 2.2 User Guide".
  12. Emil, S. and Robert, H.S. (1986), Wind effects on structures: An introduction to wind engineering, 2nd Ed., Wiley-Interscience, New York, USA.
  13. Johnson, K.L. (1985), "Contact Mechanics", Cambridge Univ. Press, NY.
  14. Lu, Y., Huang, J. and Zheng, P. (2014), "Fluid hydrodynamic characteristics in supercritical water fluidized bed: a dem simulation study", Chem. Eng. Sci., 117(1), 283-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2014.06.032
  15. Majowiecki, M. (1998), "Snow and wind experimental analysis in the design of long-span sub-horizontal structures", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 74-76,795-807. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(98)00072-5
  16. Maldonado, E. and Roth, M.W. (2012), "Direct two-phase numerical simulation of snowdrifts external to building walls and remediation with deflection fins", J. Appl. Fluid Mech., 5(3), 71-78.
  17. Mindlin, R.D. (1949), "Compliance of elastic bodies in contact", J. Appl. Mech. - T ASME, 16, 259-268.
  18. Moore, I. (1995), "Numerical modeling of blowing snow around buildings", Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Leeds, Leeds.
  19. Murakami, S. (2000), "Computational environment design for indoor and outdoor climates", University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, Japan.
  20. Машгиз (1967), "Снегоогчститель", Mоскве, Россия.
  21. Scapozza, C. and Bartelt, P. (2003), "Triaxial tests on snow at low strain rate. Part II. Constitutive behavior", J. Glaciology , 49(164), 91-101. https://doi.org/10.3189/172756503781830890
  22. Sundsbo, P.A. (1998), "Numerical simulations of wind deflection fins to control snow accumulation in building steps", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 74-76, 543-552. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(98)00049-X
  23. Thiis, T.K. (2000), "A comparison of numerical simulations and full-scale measurements of snowdrifts around buildings", Wind Struct., 3(2), 73-81. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2000.3.2.073
  24. Thiis, T.K. (2003), "Large scale studies of development of snowdrifts around buildings", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 91(6), 829-839. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(02)00474-9
  25. Tominaga, Y. and Mochida, A. (1999), "CFD prediction of flowfield and snowdrift around a building complex in a snowy region", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 81, 273-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(99)00023-9
  26. Tominaga, Y., Mochida, A. and Yoshino, H. et al. (2006), "CFD prediction of snowdrift around a cubic building model", Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Computational Wind Engineering, Yokohama, Japan, December.
  27. Tominaga, Y., Okaze, T. and Mochida, A. (2011), "CFD modeling of snowdrift around a building: An overview of models and evaluation of a new approach", Build. Environ., 46, 899-910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2010.10.020
  28. Tsuchiya, M., Tomabechi, T., Hongo, T. and Ueda, H. (2002), "Wind effects on snowdrift on stepped flat roofs", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 90(12-15), 1881-1892. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(02)00295-7
  29. Uematsu, T., Nakata, T., Takeuchi, K. and Arisawa, Y. and Kaneda, Y. (1991), "Three-dimensional numerical simulation of snowdrift", Cold Regions Sci. Technol., 20(1), 65-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-232X(91)90057-N
  30. Wang, W.H., Liao, H.L. and Li, M.S. (2014), "Wind tunnel test on wind-induced roof snow distribution", J. Build. Struct., 35(5), 135-141. (in Chinese)
  31. Yamagishi, Y., Kimura, S., Ishizawa, K., Kikuchi, M., Morikawa, H. and Kojima, T. (2012), "Visualization of snowdrift around buildings of an Antarctic base through numerical simulation", J. Visualization, 15(1), 78-84.
  32. Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Yang, J. and Liu, D. (2011), "Statistical particle stress in aeolian sand movement-derivation and validation", Powder Technol., 209(1), 147-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2011.01.019
  33. Zhao, T., Houlsby, G.T. and Utili, S. (2014), "Investigation of submerged debris flows via CFD-DEM coupling", Int. Symp. on geomechanics from Micro to Macro, Is Cambridge.
  34. Zhou, X.Y., Liu, C.Q., Gu, M. and Tan, M.H. (2015), "Application of Lagrangian method to snowdrift model", J. Eng. Mech. - ASCE, 32(1), 36-42. (in Chinese)

Cited by

  1. Adaptive-mesh method using RBF interpolation: A time-marching analysis of steady snow drifting on stepped flat roofs vol.171, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2017.09.008
  2. Effect of bogie fairings on the snow reduction of a high-speed train bogie under crosswinds using a discrete phase method vol.27, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2018.27.4.255
  3. Wind tunnel tests and CFD simulations for snow redistribution on 3D stepped flat roofs vol.28, pp.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2019.28.1.031
  4. INVESTIGATION OF REPRODUCTION OF SNOW DISTRIBUTION ON A TWO-LEVEL FLAT-ROOF BUILDING : Prediction of unbalanced snow distribution due to wind on roofs using CFD vol.84, pp.762, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3130/aijs.84.1055
  5. Wind Tunnel Tests and Numerical Simulations of Wind-Induced Snow Drift in an Open Stadium and Gymnasium vol.2020, pp.None, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8840759
  6. Wind-sand coupling movement induced by strong typhoon and its influences on aerodynamic force distribution of the wind turbine vol.30, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2020.30.4.433
  7. CFD simulations can be adequate for the evaluation of snow effects on structures vol.13, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-020-0643-0
  8. Wind Tunnel Test of Wind Load on a Typical Cross Line High-Speed Railway Station vol.25, pp.10, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-021-0702-9