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Variation on Charantin Contents of Various Organs and Harvest Seasons in Bitter Gourd

식물체 부위와 수확 시기에 따른 여주 charantin 함량의 변이

  • Lee, Hee Ju (Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Lee, Sang Gyu (Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Kim, Sung Kyeom (Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Choi, Chang Sun (Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science)
  • 이희주 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 채소과) ;
  • 이상규 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 채소과) ;
  • 김성겸 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 채소과) ;
  • 최장선 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 채소과)
  • Received : 2016.02.22
  • Accepted : 2016.07.18
  • Published : 2016.10.31

Abstract

The charantin contents of leaves, stems, female and male flowers, and fruits in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) were analyzed at different harvest seasons to investigate the availability of potential edible parts other than fruits. The charantin contents of fruits ranged from 14.7 to $16.0mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ dry weight (DW) and those of leaves ranged from 131.4 to $138.0mg{\cdot}g^{-1}DW$, which was eight times higher than in fruits. The charantin contents of female and male flowers and stems were also significantly higher than those of the fruits. The ratio of total charantin content was highest in leaves (48%) of DW, followed by female flowers (20-21%), male flowers (14%), stems (12-13%), and fruits (5%). The charantin contents of fruits harvested 14 days after fruit setting was higher in June to mid-July (20.2 to $23.3mg{\cdot}g^{-1}DW$) than in late July to late August (13.3 to $19.4mg{\cdot}g^{-1}DW$). The higher the fruit weight, the lower the charantin contents, which showed that a negative correlation exists between fruit weight and charantin contents in bitter gourd. These results suggest that to obtain bitter gourd fruits with high charantin contents, fruits should be harvested until mid-July when fruit growth is fast and temperature is high. In addition, leaves, stems, and female and male flowers of bitter gourd can be used as for food, which are known to reduce blood sugar level.

여주(Momordica charantia)의 과실 이외의 새로운 부위에 대한 이용 가능성을 구명하고자 과실 수확 종료기 무렵의 식물체부위별 charantin 함량을 분석하였다. 그 결과 두 품종 모두 잎의 charantin 함량이 $131.4-138.0mg{\cdot}g^{-1}D.W.$으로 가장 높았고 과실은 $14.7-16.0mg{\cdot}g^{-1}D.W.$으로 가장 낮아 수확기 무렵에는 charantin 함량이 과실보다 잎이 약 8배 이상 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 어린 암꽃, 수꽃과 줄기의 함량도 과실보다 많은 것으로 나타났다. 수확기 무렵의 식물체 부위별 charantin 함량의 비율은 과실이 5%로 매우 낮았으며 줄기 12-13%, 수꽃 14%, 암꽃 20-21%, 잎이 48% 정도로 가장 높았다. 착과 후 14일에 채취한 과실의 수확시기별 charantin 함량은 6월부터 7월 중순까지 수확한 과실의 charantin 함량이 $20.2-23.3mg{\cdot}g^{-1}D.W.$으로 높았고, 7월 하순부터 8월 하순까지 수확한 과실은 $13.3-19.4mg{\cdot}g^{-1}D.W.$으로 낮았다. 따라서 charantin 함량이 높은 과실을 수확하기 위해서는 온도가 높고 과실 비대속도가 빠른 7월 중순 이전이 좋을 것으로 사료되었고, 여주 과실 수확 종료기에는 과실 내 charantin 함량보다 여주의 잎, 암꽃, 수꽃 및 줄기의 charantin 함량이 높기 때문에 버리지 말고 새로운 가공품 개발에 이용하면 좋을 것으로 사료되었다.

Keywords

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