Horticultural Science & Technology (원예과학기술지)

Korean Society of Horticultural Science (한국원예학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Differences in Softening of 'Shigyoku' and 'Heukboseok' Grapes during Harvest Period Appears to be Related to Differences of Pedicel Vascular Bundle

과경 유관속 조직의 차이에 따른 '자옥'과 '흑보석' 포도의 수확기 과실 연화

  • Jung, MyungHee (Department of Integrative Plant Science, School of Bioresource and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Oh, Jin Pyo (Department of Integrative Plant Science, School of Bioresource and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Kim, JunHyeok (Department of Integrative Plant Science, School of Bioresource and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Park, YoSup (Department of Integrative Plant Science, School of Bioresource and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Kwon, YongHee (Fruit Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Park, Hee-Seung (Department of Integrative Plant Science, School of Bioresource and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University)
  • 정명희 (중앙대학교 생명자원공학부 식물시스템과학전공) ;
  • 오진표 (중앙대학교 생명자원공학부 식물시스템과학전공) ;
  • 김준혁 (중앙대학교 생명자원공학부 식물시스템과학전공) ;
  • 박요섭 (중앙대학교 생명자원공학부 식물시스템과학전공) ;
  • 권용희 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 과수과) ;
  • 박희승 (중앙대학교 생명자원공학부 식물시스템과학전공)
  • Received : 2016.05.10
  • Accepted : 2016.07.01
  • Published : 2016.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the differences in fruit growth, fruit quality, and particularly the pedicel vascular bundles of 'Shigyoku' and 'Heukboseok' grapes, which appeared to be different in softening at harvest. 'Shigyoku' grape matured faster (by about 20 days) than 'Heukboseok' grape with slight fruit enlargement after veraison. However, fruit of 'Heukboseok' grapes showed remarkable enlargement in both the primary and secondary fruit enlargement periods. Hypodermal cell layers were not different after veraison in 'Shigyoku' grape, but degradation of the hypodermis cell wall continued in 'Heukboseok' grape, resulting in a gradual decline in firmness. The numbers of hypodermal cell layers in 'Shigyoku' and 'Heukboseok' grapes were 14.2 and 9.0, respectively. The average content of soluble solids in 'Shigyoku' grape ($19.5^{\circ}Brix$) was significantly ($p{\leq}0.01$) higher than that of 'Heukboseok' grape ($17.0^{\circ}Brix$). Xylem of the pedicel did not differ between the two varieties. However, average phloem area after veraison of 'Shigyoku' grape ($19044.8{\mu}m^2$) was about 1.8 fold greater than that of 'Heukboseok' grape ($10509.4{\mu}m^2$), based on the number of cells constituting the phloem. The cell number and area of the phloem might affect the accumulation of sugars, the main constituents of the cell wall, thus maintaining the firmness of grapes until late maturity. Therefore, the increased softening of 'Heukboseok' grapes at harvest might due to their phloem structure.

본 연구는 수확기 과실의 연화 정도에 차이를 보이는 '자옥'과 '흑보석' 포도를 대상으로 과실 발달과 과실 품질 및 특히, 과경 유관속조직의 차이를 비교하고자 실험하였다. '자옥' 포도는 '흑보석' 포도에 비해 성숙이 20일 정도 빠르고 변색기 이후의 과실 비대가 크지 않으나 '흑보석' 포도는 1차 과실비대기와 2차 과실 비대기 모두 비대 양상이 두드러졌다. 변색기 이후 '자옥' 포도의 아표피를 구성하는 세포층수는 변화가 없었으나 '흑보석' 포도에서는 아표피층의 세포벽 분해가 계속 진행되어 점진적으로 경도가 하락하였으며 최종적으로 두 품종의 아표피를 구성하는 세포층수는 14.2와 9.0층으로 조사되었다. 가용성 고형물 함량은 '자옥' 포도가 평균 $19.5^{\circ}Brix$로 '흑보석' 포도의 평균 $17.0^{\circ}Brix$ 보다 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 과경의 물관부는 품종간 차이를 보이지 않았으나 변색기 이후 체관부의 평균 면적은 '자옥' 품종이 $19044.8{\mu}m^2$, '흑보석' 품종이 $10509.4{\mu}m^2$로 '자옥' 품종이 약 1.8배 정도 큰 것으로 나타났으며 이는 체관부를 구성하는 세포 수의 차이인 것으로 조사되었다. 체관부 세포의 수와 면적은 세포벽의 주 구성성분인 당을 축적하는데 영향을 미치는 것으로 생각되며, 경도를 늦은 성숙기까지 높게 유지하는데 유리하게 작용하는 것으로 판단되었다. 따라서 상대적으로 '흑보석' 포도가 수확기에 쉽게 물러지는 것은 체관부의 역할이 큰 것으로 생각되었다

Keywords

References

  1. Bain JM, Robertson RN (1951) The physiology of growth in apple fruits. I. cell size, cell number, and fruit development. Aust J Biol Sci 4:75-91. doi.org/10.1071/BI9510075
  2. Bertin N, Gautier H, Roche C (2001) Number of cell in tomato fruit depending on fruit positon and source sink balance during plant development. Plant Growth Regul 36:105-112
  3. Bondada BR, Matthews MA, Shackel KA (2005) Functional xylem in the post veraison grape berry. J Exp Bot 56:2949-2957. doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eri291
  4. Chatelet DS, Rost TL, Matthews MA, Shackel KA (2008) The peripheral xylem of grapevine(Vitis vinifera ) berries. 2. Anatomy and development. J Exp Bot 59:1997-2007. doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ern060
  5. Clearwater MJ, Luo Z, Ong SEC, Blattmann P, Thorp TG (2012) Vascular functioning and the water balance of ripening kiwifruit(Actinidia chinensis ) berries. J Exp Bot 63:1835-1847. doi.org/10.1093/jxb/err352/
  6. Cheng GW, Breen PJ (1992) Cell count and size in relation to fruit size among strawberry cultivars. J AMER SOC HORT SCI 117:946-950
  7. Coomb, BG, McCarthy MG (2000) Dynamics of grape berry growth and physiology of ripening. Aust J Grape Wine Res 6:72-188. doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0238.2000.tb00171.x
  8. Dokoozlian NK (2000) Grape berry growth and development: In Raisin Production Manual: Agriculture & Natural Resources, pp 30-37
  9. Fougere-Rifot M, Park HS, Bouard J (1997) Berry pericarp ontogenesis from fertilization to maturity of Vitis vinifera L. var. Merlot. J Int Sci Vigne Vin 31:109-118
  10. Hammami SBM, Manrique T, Rapoport HF (2011) Cultivar-based fruit size in olive depends on different tissue and cellular processes throughout growth. Sci Hortic-Amsterdam 130:445-451. doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2011.07.018
  11. Johnson LK, Malladi A, NeSmith DS (2011) Differences in cell number facilitate fruit size variation in rabbiteye blue berry genotypes. J AMER SOC HORT SCI 136:10-15
  12. Jovyn K.N, Schroder R., Sutherland PW, Hallett IC, Hall MI, Prakash R, Smith BG, Melton LD, Johnston JW (2013) Cell wall structures leading to cultivar differences in softening rates develop early during apple(Malus domestica) fruit growth. BMC Plant Biology 13:183. doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-13-183
  13. Jung MH, Kwon YH, Lee BHN, Park YS, Park HS (2014) Fruit quality and harvest time of 'Heukboseok' grape by fruit load. Korean J Hort Sci Technol 32:289-295 https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.2014.13121
  14. Jung MH, Lee BHN, Park YS, Oh JP, Kim HS, Park HS (2015) Characteristics of the fruits and flesh softening delay induced by GA3 and Thidiazuron(TDZ) treatment in 'Heukboseok' grape. Korean J Hort Sci Technol 33:186-195. doi.org/10.7235/hort.2014.13121
  15. Keller M, Smith JP, Bondada BR (2006) Ripening grape berries remain hydraulically connected to the shoot. J Exp Bot 57:2577-2587. doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erl020
  16. Keller M, Zhang Y, Shrestha PM, Biondi M, Bondada BR (2015) Sugar demand of ripening grape berries leads to recycling of surplus phloem water via the xylem. Pant Cell Environ 38:1048-1059. doi.org/10.1111/pce.12465
  17. Kwon YH, PARK HS (2015) Anthocyanin composition and characteristics of ‘Gaeryangmeoru’, ‘Kyoho’, and ‘Hongisul’ grape varieties. Korean J Hort Sci Technol 33:470-478. doi.org/10.7235/hort.2015.15029
  18. McAtee PA, Hallett IC, Johnston JW, Schaffer RJ (2009) A rapid method of fruit cell isolation for cell size and shape measurements. Plant Methods 5:5. doi.org/10.1186/1746-4811-5-5
  19. Morandi B, Manfrini L, Losciale P, Zibordi M, Grappadelli LC (2010) Changes in vascular and transpiration flows affect the seasonal and daily growth of kiwifruit(Actinidia deliciosa ) berry. Ann Bot 105:913-923. doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcq070
  20. Ortega-Regules A, Ros-Garcia JM, Bautista-Ortin AB, Lopez-Roca JM, Gomez-Plaza E (2008) Changes in skin cell wall composition during the maturation of four premium wine grape varieties. J Sci Food Agric 88:420-428. doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3102
  21. Park SJ, Kim JG, Jung SM, Noh JH, Hur YY, Ryou MS, Lee HC (2010) Relationship between berry set density and fruit quality in 'Kyoho' grape. Korean J Hort Sci Technol 28:954-958
  22. Rosati A, Caporali S, Hammami SBM, Moreno-Alias I, Paoletti A, Rapoport HF (2011) Differences in ovary size amaong olive(Olea europaea L.) cultivars are mainly related to cell number, not to cell size. Sci Hortic-Amsterdam 130:185-190. doi.org/10.1016/ j.scienta.2011.06.035
  23. Scorza R (1991) Differences in number and area of mesocarp cell between small- and large-fruited peach cultivars. J AMER SOC HORT SCI 116:861-864