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Effects of Crotalaria Incorporation into Soil as a Green Manure on Growth of Strawberry and Inorganic Soil Nitrogen Level

크로탈라리아의 토양환원이 토양의 무기태 질소농도 및 딸기의 생육에 미치는 영향

  • Lim, Tae-Jun (Horticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Park, Jin-Myeon (Horticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Lee, Seong-Eun (Horticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Park, Young-Eun (Horticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Kim, Ki-In (Department of Horticultural Science, Mokpo National University)
  • 임태준 (국립원예특작과학원 원예특작환경과) ;
  • 박진면 (국립원예특작과학원 원예특작환경과) ;
  • 이성은 (국립원예특작과학원 원예특작환경과) ;
  • 박영은 (국립원예특작과학원 원예특작환경과) ;
  • 김기인 (목포대학교 원예과학과)
  • Received : 2015.12.02
  • Accepted : 2016.06.22
  • Published : 2016.08.31

Abstract

In this study, we evaluated the effects of soil incorporation of crotalaria as a green manure on the growth and yields of 'Seolhyang' strawberry and inorganic soil nitrogen levels in a greenhouse. Four different N treatments were used, as follows: zero N fertilizer (control), crotalaria, crotalaria with 50% urea, and 100% urea. The recommended N requirement (100% urea) for strawberry was $86kgN{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ and 50% of the recommended N (50% urea) was $43kgN{\cdot}ha^{-1}$. Crotalaria was sowed on June $17^{th}$, 2011 and cultivated for 37 days. The amount of N supply from soil incorporation of crotalaria was $104kgN{\cdot}ha^{-1}$. Strawberry was planted on September $9^{th}$, 2011 and cultivated for 255 days after planting. The concentrations of soluble solids and acidity of strawberry fruits for the crotalaria treatment were higher than for the crotalaria with 50% urea and 100% urea treatments. On the other hand, the growth and yield of strawberry was the highest for the crotalaria with 50% urea and 100% urea treatments, followed by the crotalaria treatment, and the lowest for the control. Soil inorganic N concentration for the crotalaria treatment was continuously decreased to $24mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ at the end of the growing season, while crotalaria with 50% urea and 100% urea treatments maintained an inorganic N concentration that ranged from 35 to $50mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$. These results indicate that the amount of N supply from soil incorporation of crotalaria may not be enough because strawberry yield was lower than for other N treatments. Therefore, additional nitrogen, such as 50% urea after soil incorporation of crotalaria, is recommended.

풋거름 작물인 크로탈리라아의 토양환원이 후작물 딸기 '설향'의 생육과 수량 그리고 토양 중 무기태질소 함량에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 하였다. 시험은 무질소구, 크로탈라리아 처리구, 크로탈라리아 및 50% 요소처리구, 100% 요소처리구 등 4처리를 두었다. 딸기 재배를 위한 표준 질소 시비량의 100%와 50% 질소 공급량은 각각 8.6 및 $4.3kg{\cdot}10a^{-1}$이었다. 크로탈라리아는 2011년 6월 17일에 파종하여 37일간 재배한 후 토양에 다시 환원하였으며, 환원된 크로탈라리아 질소량은 $10.4kg{\cdot}10a^{-1}$이었다. 딸기는 9월 9일에 정식 후 255일간 재배하였다. 크로탈라리아의 토양환원이 크로탈라리아 및 50% 요소처리구와 100% 요소처리구와 비교하여 딸기의 산도에서 유의성은 없었지만 당도와 산도를 증가시키는 결과를 보였다. 하지만 크로탈라리아 처리는 최대의 수량을 나타낸 크로탈라리아 및 50% 요소처리구와 100% 요소처리구와 비교하여 딸기의 생육과 수량은 감소하였다. 딸기 재배기간 동안 토양의 무기태 질소 함량은 크로탈라리아 처리에서는 꾸준히 감소하여 딸기 재배가 끝나는 무렵에는 $24mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$를 나타낸 반면에 크로탈라리아 및 50% 요소처리구와 100% 요소처리구에서의 토양의 무기태 질소 함량은 $35-50mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$수준을 유지하였다. 딸기의 질소 이용효율은 크로탈라리아 처리구에서 15.1%이었고 크로탈라리아 및 50% 요소처리구와 100% 요소처리구의 질소 이용효율은 각각 20.3%와 36.6%로서 크로탈라리아의 질소 이용효율이 크로탈라리아 및 50% 요소처리구와 100% 요소처리구의 질소 이용효율보다 낮았다. 이러한 결과로부터 크로탈라리아의 토양환원만으로는 딸기의 최대 수량을 얻지 못할 수 있다. 그러므로 크로탈라리아의 토양환원 후 추가적인 질소 공급이 필요하다는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 크로탈라리아 토양 환원시 표준 질소 시비 추천량의 50%를 화학 질소 비료로 추가로 투입할 경우 100% 요소처리구와 비슷한 토양의 무기태 질소 함량 $35-50mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ 수준을 유지함으로써 딸기의 최대수량을 얻을 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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