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방사성동위원소 사용시설(내/외) 화장실의 외부선량률

Dose Rate of Restroom in Facilities using Radioisotope

  • Cho, Yong-Gwi (Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inha University hospital) ;
  • An, Seong-Min (Department of Radiology, Gachon University)
  • 투고 : 2016.04.20
  • 심사 : 2016.06.13
  • 발행 : 2016.06.30

초록

방사성동위원소 사용시설 내/외 화장실 표면 방사선량률과 공간 방사선량률을 측정하여 화장실을 이용하는 환자 이외 방사선작업종사자 및 환자보호자 등의 안전성을 확보하고 방사선 방어 연구에 대한 기초 자료로 제시 하고자 한다. 2014년 5월 1일부터 7월 31일까지 인천광역시 소재 종합병원 방사성동위원소 사용시설 내/외 화장실 4곳의 공간 방사선량률과 작업 전/후 표면 방사선량률을 각각 측정하였다. 의료기관별 방사성동위원소 사용시설 내 화장실 이용 실태조사 결과 환자뿐만 아니라 환자 보호자, 일부 방사선 작업종사자까지 다양하게 이용하고 있었다. 화장실 내 공간 방사선량률 측정 결과 핵의학적 검사 중 감마촬영실을 이용하는 화장실의 누적 공간선량률은 8.86 mSv/hr으로 가장 높게 측정되었고, 방사성옥소 치료실 화장실은 7.31 mSv/hr, PET촬영실 화장실 2.29 mSv/hr, 외래 진료과 화장실 0.26 mSv/hr으로 각각 측정되었다. 방사성동위원소 작업 전/후 화장실 내 표면 방사선량률을 측정한 결과 대부분 환자 배설물이 직접 닫는 변기 앞에서 표면 방사선량률이 가장 높게 측정되었고, 화장실 내 중앙, 입구 순으로 측정되었다. 개봉선원은 물리적 반감기가 짧고 에너지가 낮아 비교적 안전하여 방사선 관리구역에서 안전하게 사용되고 있다. 그러나 저에너지 이며 짧은 반감기의 방사선원이라 하더라도 환자에게 투여되면 그 이후 환자는 움직이는 방사선원이 되며 환자가 이용하는 장소는 배설물에 의한 방사선 오염 장소가 된다. 따라서 효과적으로 유효선량을 최소화하고 불필요한 피폭선량을 줄이기 위해 방사성동위원소 투여 후 충분한 수분 섭취를 독려하여 생물학적 반감기를 낮추고, 물리적 반감기가 허용 선량이하로 될 때까지 주변인은 환자로부터 가급적 멀리 떨어져 생활하도록 권고되어야 한다.

This study is therefore aimed at measuring the surface dose rate and the spatial dose rate in and outside the radionuclide facility in order to ensure safety of the patients, radiation workers and family care-givers in their use of such equipment and to provide a basic framework for further research on radiation protection. The study was conducted at 4 restrooms in and outside the radionuclide facility of a general hospital in Incheon between May 1 and July 31, 2014. During the study period, the spatial contamination dose rate and the surface contamination dose rate before and after radiation use were measured at the 4 places-thyroid therapy room, PET center, gamma camera room, and outpatient department. According to the restroom use survey by hospitals, restrooms in the radionuclide facility were used not only by patients but also by family care-givers and some of radiation workers. The highest cumulative spatial radiation dose rate was 8.86 mSv/hr at camera room restroom, followed by 7.31 mSv/hr at radioactive iodine therapy room restroom, 2.29 mSv/hr at PET center restroom, and 0.26 mSv/hr at outpatient department restroom, respectively. The surface radiation dose rate measured before and after radiation use was the highest at toilets, which are in direct contact with patient's excretion, followed by the center and the entrance of restrooms. Unsealed radioactive sources used in nuclear medicine are relatively safe due to short half lives and low energy. A patient who received those radioactive sources, however, may become a mobile radioactive source and contaminate areas the patient contacts-camera room, sedation room, and restroom-through secretion and excretion. Therefore, patients administered radionuclides should be advised to drink sufficient amounts of water to efficiently minimize radiation exposure to others by reducing the biological half-life, and members of the public-family care-givers, pregnant women, and children-be as far away from the patients until the dose remains below the permitted dose limit.

키워드

참고문헌

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