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Study on Mineralogical Characteristics and Firing Condition of the 4-6th Century Earthenware Excavated from the Seonggok-ri, Cheongdo-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do

경상북도 청도군 성곡리에서 출토된 4-6세기 토기의 광물학적 특성 연구 및 소성환경 추정

  • Woo, Hyeon Dong (Department of Geology, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Kim, Ok Soon (Gyeongsangbukdo Institute of Cultural Properties) ;
  • Jang, Yun Deuk (Department of Geology, Kyungpook National University)
  • Received : 2016.08.30
  • Accepted : 2016.09.29
  • Published : 2016.09.30

Abstract

This study is conducted to estimate the firing temperature and condition of the 4-6th Century earthenwares excavated from the ancient tombs in the Seonggok-ri, Cheongdo through mineralogical approaches, and to contrast to the characteristics of the earthenware from the Changnyeong the adjacent area to the Cheongdo. The Cheongdo earthenware was mainly composed of quartz, pores and vitric matrix with minor parts of feldspars, felsic volcanic fragments and opaque minerals, of which quartz crystals frequently show embayed texture and pores was partly filled with amorphous quartz. Mullite, hematite and cristobalite were found by XRD spectrometer additionally, and in the SEM image the Mullite contents are evenly distributed from the central part to the marginal part. As a result, the firing temperature of the Cheongdo earthenware could be 1,100 to $1,200^{\circ}C$, which is higher than that of the Changnyeong. Distribution characteristics of mullite in the Cheongdo and the Changnyeong earthenware indicate that the Cheongdo earthenware was under the longer firing time or more homogeneous thermal condition in the kiln than the Changnyeong.

본 연구에서는 경상북도 청도군 성곡리 고분군 일대에서 발견된 4-6세기 토기를 대상으로 암석 광물학적인 특성과 소성온도 및 환경을 추정하고 그 결과를 인접지역인 창녕 토기와 대조하였다. 편광현미경 하에서 석영과 유리질 기질부가 주를 이루었으며 장석, 화산암편, 불투명광물 등이 관찰되었다. 또한, 석영은 대부분 융식된 형태로 나타났고 기공의 일부는 비정질석영으로 채워져 있었다. XRD 분석결과 멀라이트, 적철석, 크리스토발라이트 함량이 추가로 인지되었고, SEM을 통해 관찰한 토기의 내부조직에서 고온을 지시하는 멀라이트가 토기 내 전체적으로 고른 분포를 보였다. 이러한 결과들을 바탕으로 청도 토기는 멀라이트의 결정화가 활발해지면서 스피넬이 없어지는 약 1,100 내지 $1,200^{\circ}C$에서 소성되었음을 추론할 수 있는데, 이는 인접한 지역인 창녕 토기의 약 $1,000^{\circ}C$ 에 비해 높은 수치다. 또한, 멀라이트의 분포특성에서 드러난 두 지역 토기의 차이는 청도 토기가 창녕 토기에 비해 소성시간이 더 길었거나, 가마 내에서 더 균질한 열적 환경이 조성되었을 가능성을 시사한다.

Keywords

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