A Study on the Influence of Servant Leadership on Followers' Knowledge Sharing and Creativity through Affective Commitment

서번트 리더십이 조직 구성원의 지식공유와 창의성에 미치는 영향: 정서적 몰입의 매개효과

  • 권상집 (동국대학교 경영계열 경영학부)
  • Received : 2015.01.30
  • Accepted : 2016.03.14
  • Published : 2016.03.31

Abstract

This study empirically investigated the relationships between servant leadership and key variables (knowledge sharing and individual creativity), and the mediating effect of affective commitment with the survey of 213 Korean employees. Based on the sample of 213 employees, the empirical results are as followings; (1) Servant leadership is positively related to affective commitment, knowledge sharing, and creativity. (2) Affective commitment partially mediates the relationship between servant leadership and knowledge sharing. (3) Affective commitment partially mediates the relationship between servant leadership and creativity. In conclusion, this study confirmed that the servant leader and members with the affective commitment may be best qualified for knowledge sharing and creative performance. When employees recognize that their managers follow the characteristics of servant leadership, then the employees are more likely to absorb in their task, which increases creative performance and knowledge accumulation. Based on the results, this study suggests an ample implication for leaders in any organization to boost their relationships with followers and to enhance their knowledge sharing and creative idea for the growth of organization.

Keywords

References

  1. 권상집 (2015), 리더십 유형과 조직 구성원 애착 유형의 상호작용이 창의성에 미치는 차별화 효과: 임파워링 리더십과 서번트 리더십. 한국과학기술원 박사학위 논문.
  2. 권상집.차길영.장현준 (2014), EXR그룹의 지속성장 및 혁신 고찰: 탐색적 사례연구, 중소기업연구, 제36권, 제4호, 73-99.
  3. 권정언 (2011), 엔터테인먼트 미디어 기업에서 개인의 창의적 성향이 조직의 창의적 성과에 미치는 영향: 폐기학습과 흡수역량의 매개효과를 중심으로. 중앙대학교 박사학위 논문.
  4. 권정언.권상집 (2014), 안정그룹 애착이 개인 창의성에 미치는 영향: 자아 효능감의 매개효과, 지식경영연구, 제15권, 제2호, 43-66.
  5. 권정언.권상집 (2015), 임파워링 리더십과 혁신행위 간에 미치는 자기효능감의 매개효과, 기업교육연구, 제17권, 제1호, 83-103.
  6. 김문주.윤정구 (2012), 학습조직의 세 가지 메커니즘: 지식 공유, 생산적인 담론, 그리고 정체성공유가 팀 효과성에 미치는 영향, 조직과 인사관리연구, 제36집, 제1권, 31-65.
  7. 김승용.이병철.김기흥 (2013), 임파워링 리더십이 구성원의 지식공유와 내재적 동기부여에 미치는 영향: 상사신뢰 매개를 중심으로, 지식경영연구, 제14권, 제2호, 89-116.
  8. 김은실.백윤정 (2014), 긍정심리자본 및 사회적자본과 개인 창의성의 관계, 조직과 인사관리연구, 제38집, 제1권, 93-122.
  9. 김창호.차동옥 (2008), 인지된 조직의 팀지원과 서번트 리더십이 팀에피커시와 팀시민행동에 미치는 영향, 인사관리연구, 제32집, 3권, 129-149.
  10. 김현진.설현도 (2014), 개인창의성과 집단창의성의 관계에서 통합능력과 지식공유의 매개효과, 지식경영연구, 제15권, 제4호, 223-247. https://doi.org/10.15813/kmr.2014.15.4.012
  11. 박문수.문형구 (2001), 지식공유의 영향요인: 연구동향과 과제, 지식경영연구, 제2권, 제1호, 1-23.
  12. 배상욱.윤영삼.한나영 (2009), 서번트 리더십에 대한 지각이 상사에 대한 신뢰와 감정적 몰입을 매개로 추천의도, 이직의도, 그리고 고객지향성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 호텔산업을 중심으로, 인사관리연구, 제33집, 2권, 1-28.
  13. 윤대균.장병주 (2006), 호텔기업의 서번트 리더십이 리더만족과 추가적 노력에 미치는 영향, 마케팅과학연구, 제3호, 107-123.
  14. 이관웅 (2006), 신뢰경영과 서번트 리더십. 엘테크.
  15. Amabile, T. M. (1988), A model of creativity and innovation in organizations. In B. M. Staw & L.L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior, vol. 10: 123-167, Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
  16. Amabile, T. M. (1996), Creativity in context, Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
  17. Amabile, T. M., Schatzel, E. A., Moneta, G. B., and Kramer, S. J. (2004), Leader behaviors and the work environment for creativity: Perceived leader support, Leadership Quarterly, 15, 5-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2003.12.003
  18. Bandura, A., Blanchard, E. B., and Ritter, B. (1969), Relative efficacy of desensitization and modeling approaches for inducing behavioral, affective, and attitudinal changes, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 13, 173-199. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0028276
  19. Baron, R. M., and Kenny, D. A. (1986), The moderator-mediator distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical consideration, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
  20. Brink, P. van den. (2003), Social, organizational, and technological conditions that enable knowledge sharing, Ph.D thesis, Technische Universiteit Delft.
  21. Bordbeck, F., and Greitemeyer, T. (2000), Dynamic model of group performance: Considering the group members' capacity to learn, Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 3, 159-182. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430200003002004
  22. Cabrera, E. F., and Cabrera, A. (2005), Fostering knowledge sharing through people management practices, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16, 720-735. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190500083020
  23. Cabrera, A., Collins, W. C., and Salgado, J. F. (2006), Determinants of individual engagement in knowledge sharing, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 17, 245-264. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190500404614
  24. Chen, G., Sharma, P. N., Edinger, S. K., Shapiro, D. L., and Farh, J. L. (2011), Motivating and demotivating force in teams: Cross-level influences of empowering leadership and relationship conflict, Journal of Applied Psychology, 96, 541-557.
  25. Chen, X. P., and Farh, J. L. (1999), The effectiveness of transactional and transformational leader behaviors in Chinese organizations: Evidence from Taiwan, Paper presented at the National Academy of Management Meetings, Chicago.
  26. Cohen-Meitar, R., Carneli, A., and Waldman, D. A. (2009), Linking meaningfulness in the workplace to employee creativity: The intervening role of organizational identification and positive psychological experiences, Creativity Research Journal, 21, 361-375. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400410902969910
  27. Coloquitt, J. A., Scott, B. A., and LePine, J. A. (2007), Trust, trustworthiness, and trust propensity: A meta-analytic test of their unique relationships with risk taking and job performance, Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 909-927. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.4.909
  28. Covey, S. R. (1996), Three roles of the leader in the new paradigm. In Frances Hesselbein, Marshall Goldsmith, and Richard Beckhard, (Eds.), The Leader of the future: New visions, strategies, and practices for the next era (pp. 149-159), San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  29. DeCottis, T. A., and Summers, T. P. (1987), A path analysis of a model of the antecedents and consequences of organizational commitment. Human Relations, 40, 445-470. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872678704000704
  30. Deluga, R. J. (1994), Supervisor trust building, leader-member exchange and organizational citizenship behavior, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 67, 315-326. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1994.tb00570.x
  31. Dennis, R. S., and Bocarnea, M. (2005), Development of servant leadership assessment instrument, Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 26, 600-615. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730510633692
  32. Edmondson, A. (1999), Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams, Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, 350-383. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666999
  33. Ehrhart, M. G. (2004), Leadership and procedural justice climate as antecedents of unitlevel organizational citizenship behavior, Personnel Psychology, 57, 61-94.
  34. Foss, N. J., Minbaeva, D. B., Pedersen, T., and Reinholt, M. (2009), Encouraging knowledge sharing among employees: How job design matters, Human Resource Management, 48, 871-893. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20320
  35. George, J. M. (2000), Emotions and leadership: The role of emotional intelligence, Human Relations, 53, 1027-1055. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726700538001
  36. George, J. M., and Zhou, J. (2001), When openness to experience and conscientiousness are related to creative behavior: An interactional approach, Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 513-524.
  37. Grant, R . M. (1996), Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm, Strategic Management Journal, 17, 109-122.
  38. Greenleaf, R. K. (1970), The servant as leader, Newton Centre, MA: The Robert K. Greenleaf center.
  39. Hale, J. R., and Fields, D. L. (2007), Exploring servant leadership across cultures: A study of followers in Ghana and the USA, Leadership, 3, 397-417. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715007082964
  40. Harter, S. (2002), Authenticity. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 382-394), New York: Oxford University Press
  41. Holye, R. H., and Smith, G. T. (1994), Formulating clinical research hypotheses as structural equation models: A conceptual overview, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 429-440. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.62.3.429
  42. Hooff, B., and Ridder, J. A. (2004), Knowledge sharing in context: The influence of organizaitonal commitment, communication climate and CMC use on knowledge sharing, Journal of Knowledge Management, 8, 117-130.
  43. Hooff, B., and Weenen, F. L. (2004), Committed to share: Commitment and CMC(Computer mediated communication) use as antecedents of knowledge sharing, Knowledge and Process Management, 11, 13-24. https://doi.org/10.1002/kpm.187
  44. Hu, J., and Liden, R. C. (2011), Antecedents of team potency and team effectiveness: An examination of goal and process clarity and servant leadership, Journal of Applied Psychology, 96, 851-862. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022465
  45. Hunter, E. M., Neubert, M. J., Perry, S. J., and Witt, L. A., Penney, L. M., and Weinberger, E. (2013), Servant leaders inspire servant followers: Antecedents and outcomes for employees and the organization, Leadership Quarterly, 24, 316-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2012.12.001
  46. Irving, J. A., and Longbotham, G. J. (2007), Team effectiveness and six essential servant leadership themes: A regression model based on items in the organizational leadership assessment, International Journal of Leadership Studies, 2, 98-113.
  47. Jong, A. D., Song, M., and Song, L. Z. (2013), How lead founder personality affects new venture performance: The mediating role of team conflict, Journal of Management, 39, 1825-1854.
  48. Joseph, E. E., and Winston, B. E. (2005), A correlation of servant leadership, leader trust, and organizational trust. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 26, 6-22. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730510575552
  49. Kim, K., Dansereau, F., Kim, I. (2002), Extending the concept of charismatic leadership: An illsturation using Bass's (1990) categories. In Avolio, B. J., Yammarino, F. J. (Eds), Transformational and charismatic leadership: The road ahead. (pp. 143-172). Amsterdam: JAI-Elsvier Science.
  50. Kouzes, J. M., and Posner, B. Z. (1995), The leadership challenge: How to keep getting extraordinary things done in organizations. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
  51. Laub, J. A. (1999), Assessing the servant organization: Development of the servant organizational leadership assessment instrument, Unpublished doctoral disseration, Florida Atlantic University.
  52. Leonard, B. D., and Swap, W. C. (1999), When sparks fly: Igniting creativity in groups, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
  53. Lim, B. C., and Klein, K. J. (2006), Team mental models and team performance: A field study of the effects of team mental model similarity and accuracy, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27, 403-418. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.387
  54. Meyer, J. P., and A llen, N. J. (1991), A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment, Human Resource Management Review, 1, 61-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z
  55. Mohammed, S., Klimoski, R., and Rentsch, J. (2000), The measurement of mental models: We have no shared schema, Organizational Research Methods, 3, 123-165. https://doi.org/10.1177/109442810032001
  56. Morgan, R. M., and Hunt, S. D. (1994), The commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing, Journal of Marketing, 58, 20-38. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299405800202
  57. Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. M., and Steers, R. M. (1982), Employee-organization linkages, New York: Academic Press.
  58. Muchinsky, P. M. (2000), Emotions in the workplace: The neglect of organizational behavior, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 801-805. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1379(200011)21:7<801::AID-JOB999>3.0.CO;2-A
  59. Nonaka, I. (1991), The knowledge-creating company, Harvard Business Review, 6, 96-104.
  60. Nonaka, I. (1994), A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation, Organization Science, 5, 14-37. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.5.1.14
  61. Ownes, B. P., and Hekman, D. R. (2012), Modeling how to grow: An inductive examination of humble leader behaviors, contingencies, and outcomes, Academy of Management Journal, 55, 787-818. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.0441
  62. Patterson, K. A. (2003), Servant leadership: A theoretical model, Doctoral dissertation, Regent University.
  63. Peterson, S. J., Galvin, B. M., and Lange, D. (2012), CEO servant leadership: Exploring executive characteristics and firm performance. Personnel Psychology, 65, 565-596. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2012.01253.x
  64. Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., and Podsakoff, N. P. (2003), Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies, Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 879-903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
  65. Pollard, C. W. (1996), The soul of the firm. Grand Rapids, MI: Harper Business & Zondervan Publishing House.
  66. Preacher, K. J., and Hayes, A. F. (2004), SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect efffects in simple mediation effects in simple mediation models, Behavior Research Methods & Computers, 36, 717-731. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03206553
  67. Rego, A., Sousa, F., Marques, C., and Cunha, M. P. (2012), Authentic leadership promoting employees' psychological capital and creativity, Journal of Business Research, 65, 429-437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.10.003
  68. Russell, R. F., and Stone, A. G. (2002), A review of servant leadership attributes: Developing a practical model, Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 23, 145-157.
  69. Scott, S. G., and Bruce, R. A. (1994), Determinants of innovative behavior: A path model of individual innovation in the workplace, Academy of Management Journal, 37, 580-607.
  70. Seo, M. G., Barrett, L. F., and Bartunek, L. M. (2004), The role of affective experience in work motivation, Academy of Management Review, 29, 423-439. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2004.13670972
  71. Sendjaya, S., and Pekerti, A. (2010), Servant leadership as antecedents of trust in organizations, Leadership & Organizational Development Journal, 31, 643-663. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437731011079673
  72. Shin, J. S., and Zhou, J. (2003), Transformational leadership, conservation, and creativity: evidence from Korea, Academy of Management Journal, 46, 703-714.
  73. Sobel, M. E. (1982), Asymptotic intervals for indirect effects in structural euqations models, In. S. Leinhart (Ed.), Sociological methodology (pp.290-312), San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  74. Spears, L. C. (1995), Ref lections on leadership: How Robert K. Greenleaf's theory of servant-leadership inf luenced today's top management thinkers, New York: John Wiley.
  75. Spears, L. C. (1998), Tracing the growing impact of servant leadership in Spears, L. C. (Eds), Insights on Leadership: Service, stewardship, spirit, and servant leadership, John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY.
  76. Srivastava, A., Bartol, K. M., and Locke, E. A. (2006), Empowering leadership in management teams: Effects on knowledge sharing, efficacy, and performance, Academy of Management Journal, 49, 1239-1251. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2006.23478718
  77. Van, Direrendonck, D. (2011), Servant leadership: A review and synthesis, Journal of Management, 37, 1228-1261.
  78. Walumbwa, F. O., Hartnell, C. A., and Oke, A. (2010), Servant leadership, procedural justice climate, service climate, employee attitudes, and organizational citizenship behavior: A cross-level investigation, Journal of Applied Psychology, 95, 517-529. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018867
  79. Zhang, X., and Bartol, K. M. (2010), Linking empowering leadership and employee creativity: The influence of psychological empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and creative process engagement, Academy of Management Journal, 53, 107-128. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.48037118
  80. Zhou, J., and George, J. M. (2001), When job dissatisfaction leads to creativity: Encourgaing the expression of voice, Academy of Management Journal, 44, 682-696.