한국전통조경학회지 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture)

  • 제34권1호
  • /
  • Pages.53-70
  • /
  • 2016
  • /
  • 1738-236X(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2384-1478(eISSN)
한국전통조경학회 (Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

한국 전통사찰 경내 식재실태 및 식재정비방안 연구

A Study on the Current Planting Status and Maintenance Plans of Traditional Korean Temples

  • Lee, Seonhee (Gardens and Education Division, Korea Natioanl Arboretum) ;
  • Jin, Hyeyoung (Gardens and Education Division, Korea Natioanl Arboretum) ;
  • Lee, Hyun-Chae (Gardens and Education Division, Korea Natioanl Arboretum) ;
  • Moon, Ae-ra (Gardens and Education Division, Korea Natioanl Arboretum) ;
  • Choi, Woo-Kyung (Gardens and Education Division, Korea Natioanl Arboretum) ;
  • Song, Yu-jin (Gardens and Education Division, Korea Natioanl Arboretum) ;
  • Song, Jeong Hwa (Gardens and Education Division, Korea Natioanl Arboretum)
  • 투고 : 2016.01.18
  • 심사 : 2016.03.21
  • 발행 : 2016.03.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

한국의 사찰정원은 자연과의 조화로운 삶을 추구하는 조상들의 지혜가 반영되어 있는 전통정원 중의 하나로, 전통사찰은 종교적 공간으로도 그 가치가 높지만 지리적 이점으로 주변경관이 아름다운 곳에 입지해 있기 때문에 종교적 공간으로써 사찰뿐만 아니라 경관감상을 위해 국내 외적으로 관심과 방문이 증가하고 있다. 그러나 오늘날 많은 사찰정원은 전통적 공간과 어울리지 않는 식물들의 무분별한 식재로 전통적 공간으로써 본래의 가치와 의미를 잃어가고 있다. 본 연구에서는 우리의 역사 문화를 간직한 사찰이 세계화에 앞서 전통성을 유지하기 위해 전국 전통사찰 51개소를 대상으로 사찰 경내 식재현황을 조사하였다. 식재현황 조사 결과, 사찰에 식재된 식물은 총 207종으로 그 중 자생식물은 128종(61.84%), 재배식물은 76종(36.71), 귀화식물은 2종(0.97%), 도입식물은 1종(0.48)으로 자생식물의 식재비율이 가장 높았으며, 전국 사찰에 가장 많이 식재된 상위 3종으로는 소나무(46개소), 느티나무(38개소), 은행나무(36개소)였다. 희귀식물로는 검팽나무, 구상나무 등이 조사되었으며 이는 전체식물 중 5.3%에 해당되며, 한국의 특산식물로는 병꽃나무, 오동나무 등이 조사되었으며 이는 3.4%로 조사되었다. 반면에, 연꽃, 파초, 불두화와 같이 불교와 관련이 있는 수종의 비율은 적었는데, 이로 미루어 볼 때, 전통 사찰정원에는 불교적 의미가 있는 식물뿐만 아니라 우리나라 전통적 의미를 가지는 식물의 식재 비율이 더 높은 것으로 나타나, 역사적인 공간으로써의 특징이 더 크게 보였다. 위와 같은 식재현황을 바탕으로 사찰정원의 의미와 특징을 극대화하기 위해 사찰의 진입로 영역, 경내 마당, 배경림과의 경계 및 화계 등 사찰 내부공간의 성격에 따라 식재 정비 방안을 제시하였으며, 본 연구를 통해, 새로운 한국사찰정원을 조성함에 있어 종교적, 역사적으로 의미가 있는 등 상징성 있는 식물의 식재 및 장소에 알맞은 수종을 식재할 것을 제안한다.

Korean temple gardens have very high preservation value as the place reflecting ancestral wisdom in harmony with nature. Not only as a religious place but also as a beautiful landscape place, many people including foreigners are visiting traditional Korean temples. However, current many Korean temple gardens lost their original value and meaning because of the inappropriate planting in traditional places. In this study, for maintaining the representativeness of traditional Korean temple, we researched the current planting status of traditional Korean temple. After the research of 51 traditional Korean temples, a total of 207 species of plants was investigated, and among them 128 species (61.84%) were Korean native plants, 76 species (36.71%) were cultivar plants, 2 species (0.97%) were naturalized plants, and 1 species (0.48%) is introduced plant. Korean red pine (46 temples), sawleaf zelkova (38 temples), and ginkgo (36 temples) were the high rank species among 207 species. Korean rare plants including black-fruit hackberry and Korean fir form 5.3% of total species, and Korean endemic plants including Korean weigela and Korean paulownia form 3.4% of total species in traditional Korean temples. On the other hand, plants that have religious meaning such as lotus, musa, and guelder rose form slightly. There is a higher proportion of traditional Korean plants than religious meaning plants in traditional temple gardens, so that temple gardens are highlighted as historic places. Based on the planting status, maintenance plans were established reflecting characteristics of each spaces: entry space, the precincts of a shrine, and flower stairs. As a result, we suggest that selecting a suitable plant species with regard to the religious meaning of the plant symbolism for newly designing Korean temple gardens.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Jeon, Y. W. (2015). Jeon Young Woo's Stories of temple forest: Part 2. Buddhism, religion of forest. Contributions of Buddhism Newspaper 2015.01.26.
  2. Jeon, Y. W.(2009). Origin formation and function of temple forest. Forest and humanity. 21: 1-15.
  3. Korea Forest Service.(2015). Forest managed by Buddhism, Temple Forest.
  4. Yi, P. I. and Yi, Y. K. (2000). Study of Temple Environment. Sillamunwhawon: Gyeongsangbukdo.
  5. Heo, S. H.(2005). A Study on the Planting Condition of Traditional Temples - Bulguksa, Bunhwangsa, Kirimsa, Golgulsa. The Study of Buddhist landscape architecture. 10: 79-92.
  6. You, J. H., Hong, K. P. and Lee, D. H.(2010). Landscape Plants and Planting Characteristics of Three-Tresure Temples. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture. 38:119-128.
  7. Jeon, U. S.(1996). A study on the species planted in the private, public institutions and attractions. Korean journal of nature conservation. 15: 27-62.
  8. Shin, J. H.(1997). Korea of foreign species status and improvement measures. National forestry cooperative federation. 373: 90-95.
  9. Thomas, M. S.(2016). Elements of Ecology. LifeScience: Seoul.
  10. Buddhist temple ecology Research Institute(2014). plant ties with Buddhism. Buddhist temple ecology Research Institute Research Reports.
  11. Shin, Y. C. and Kwak, B. H.(1982). Study on landscape and flora of Korean temples. Collection of dissertation of Pai Chae University. 3: 345-410.
  12. Kwon, Y. H.(1993). Tree Story. Seoul: Jeonwon.
  13. Kim, Y. S. and Rho, J. H.(2014). A study on the current status of Musa basjoo planting in folk village and traditional temple. Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture. 32: 124-133. https://doi.org/10.14700/KITLA.2014.32.2.124
  14. Rho, J. H., Kim, Y. S. and Goh, Y. B.(2014). Aspects and Significance of Musa basjoo, a Landscaping Plant - Focused on Analysis of Old Paintings of Chosun Dynasty -. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture. 28(2): 23-36.
  15. Jung, H. K. and Kim, S. H.(2007). Trees of our living. National Institute of Forest Science. Korea Forest Service.
  16. Lee, S.(2006). Study on planting in Korean traditional landscape architecture. Suryusanbang. Seoul.
  17. Shim, J. S. and Bae, J. K.(2004). An Investigation Study on The Planting Arrangement of Ornamental Plants in Four Level Land Buddhist Temples. Journal of Natural Sciences Pai Chai University, Korea. 14: 123-138.
  18. Ha, J. H. and Kim, N. C.(1999). Studies on the flora and management planning at the Bulkuk temple. Temple Landscape Research. 7: 43-59.
  19. Hong, K. P. and You, J. H.(2015). Evaluation of planting characteristics and distribution of landscape plants of Haein-sa. Sillamunhwa. 46: 365-386.
  20. Yeon, J. A. and Park, W. K.(2013). Species Identification of Wooden Elements Used for Daewungjeon Hall in the Bukjijangsa Temple, Daegu, Korea. Forest Products. 41(3): 201-210.
  21. Baeg, J. C., Kim, Y. G. and Gong, Y. B.(2003). A Study on the Repair Project of the Hwagye after Restoration of the Chybyong in the Juhapru at the Changdeokgung Palace. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture. 21: 31.
  22. Choi, S. B. and Ha, J. H.(1998). Studies on the flora at the Bulgap temple. Temple Landscape Research. 6: 181-200.
  23. Beak, D. I.(2011). A study of the current situation and characteristics of scenic planting following spatial arrangement of temples in the greater Chunnam area. Master thesis of Dongshin University Graduate School.
  24. Ha, J. H., Hong, K. P. and Kim, N. C.(1997). A study on the planting status of landscaping plants of Sunam temple. Temple Landscape Research. 5: 45-57.
  25. Park, C. W., Jeong, M. A. and Lee, Y. H.(2015). A Study on Reasons for Planting Abies holophylla by Imperial Japan in Korean Temples. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture. 43(4): 50-61. https://doi.org/10.9715/KILA.2015.43.4.050
  26. Lee, W. H., Kim, D. H., Kim, J. U., Ahn, H. I., Kim, D. Y. and Cho, U. Y.(2014). A Study on the Maintenance Plan of Trees in Gwanghalluwon Garden for Representing Traditional Space. Journal of Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture. 32(3): 82-95. https://doi.org/10.14700/KITLA.2014.32.3.082
  27. Korea forest service, Korea National Arboretum(2008). Rare plants data book in Korea. Korea National Arboretum.
  28. Korea National Arboretum(2005). Endemic vascular plants in the Korean peninsula. Korea National Arboretum.
  29. Lee, Y. M., Park, S. H., Jung, S. Y., Oh, S. H. and Yang, J. C.(2011). Study on the current sratus of naturalized plants in South Korea. Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 41(1): 87-101. https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2011.41.1.087
  30. Numata(1975). Naturalized Plants. Tokyo: Japanese books.
  31. Oh, H. K., Choi, Y. H. and You J. H.(2014). Analysis of ecological index of plant using flora distributed in temple forest. Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment. 23: 251-270. https://doi.org/10.14249/eia.2014.23.4.251
  32. Min, T. Y., Park, S. K. and Lee, Y. S.(2011). Plants in the scripture. Idambooks.
  33. Peck, Y. J. and Kwak, D. Y.(2008). A study on the characteristics of constituent in entry area on Buddhism temples around Seoul. Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning and Design. 24: 159-166.
  34. Korea Research Group of Tree Protection(2001). Study on conservation methods of protection and old trees in Seoul. Tree Protection. 6: 58-74.
  35. Hong, K. P., Lee, S. Y. and Jang, B. H.(2000). A study on the Hwagye(artificial plant stairs) of buddhist temples. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture. 18: 13-25.
  36. Chung, J. H.(2005). Status and challenges of landscape in historic site. Proceedings of Symposium of the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage pp:11-19.