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Comparison of Awareness of Symptoms and Illness Between Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Simple Snoring

수면무호흡증과 단순 코골이 환자의 증상과 질환 인식도 비교

  • Lee, Seyoung (Gachon University School of Medicine) ;
  • Kang, Jae Myeong (Department of Psychiatry, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine) ;
  • Cho, Yoon-Soo (Hyundai High School) ;
  • Yoon, Hyun Jin (Department of Psychiatry, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Ji-Eun (Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu) ;
  • Shin, Seung-Heon (Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu) ;
  • Park, Kee Hyung (Department of Neurology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Seon Tae (Department of Otolaryngology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine) ;
  • Kang, Seung-Gul (Department of Psychiatry, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine)
  • 이세영 (가천대학교 의학전문대학원) ;
  • 강재명 (가천대학교 의학전문대학원 길병원 정신건강의학교실) ;
  • 조윤수 (현대고등학교) ;
  • 윤현진 (가천대학교 의학전문대학원 길병원 정신건강의학교실) ;
  • 김지언 (대구가톨릭대학교 의과대학 신경과학교실) ;
  • 신승헌 (대구가톨릭대학교 의과대학 이비인후과학교실) ;
  • 박기형 (가천대학교 의학전문대학원 길병원 신경과학교실) ;
  • 김선태 (가천대학교 의학전문대학원 길병원 이비인후과학교실) ;
  • 강승걸 (가천대학교 의학전문대학원 길병원 정신건강의학교실)
  • Received : 2016.03.23
  • Accepted : 2016.05.18
  • Published : 2016.06.30

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is often undiagnosed but is an important risk factor affecting the health of an individual. The level of awareness of the illness among patients with OSA is low and is not correlated with severity of the illness. This study was conducted to compare awareness of OSA symptoms and illness between patients with OSA and simple snorers. Materials and Methods: Two hundred eighty-two patients who were suspected of having OSA participated in this study. All subjects underwent overnight polysomnography. Those with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ${\geq}5$ were classified as the OSA group, while those with an AHI < 5 were classified as the simple snoring group. A sleep questionnaire, which included items on awareness of the illness, OSA, and sleep symptoms, was administered to all subjects and their bed-partners. Results: Simple snorers were much more aware of their symptoms such as snoring, irregular breathing, and apnea than were patients with OSA. Bed-partners of simple snorers were also more aware of the participants' sleep symptoms than were partners of patients with OSA. However, the duration of OSA symptoms was longer in the OSA group. In the correlation analysis, the level of awareness of OSA symptoms was negatively correlated with AHI, age, body mass index, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale score. Among the sleep questionnaire and polysomnography results, only Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was positively correlated with level of awareness of OSA symptoms. The minority of the respondents had heard about the treatment methods of continuous positive airway pressure and oral appliance and preferred them as treatment options. Conclusion: This study suggests that simple snorers are more aware of their symptoms than are patients with OSA. A higher severity of OSA, represented by a higher AHI, is correlated with lower awareness of one's OSA symptoms.

목 적 : 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증 (obstructive sleep apnea, OSA)은 비록 그 진단율이 낮지만 개인의 건강에 미칠 수 있는 위험은 상당하다. 그러나 OSA 환자가 실제 증상을 느끼는 정도는 예상보다 적으며, 질병의 심한 정도와 상관이 없는 경우가 많다. 이 연구는 OSA군과 단순코골이군 사이의 OSA 증상 인식 정도를 비교하기 위해 시행되었다. 방 법 : 임상적으로 OSA가 의심되는 282명의 피험자들이 연구에 포함되었다. 모든 피험자들은 수면다원검사를 받았고, 무호흡저호흡지수(apnea-hypopnea index, AHI)에 따라 5 이상이면 OSA군, 5 미만인 경우는 단순코골이군으로 분류되었다. 모든 피험자와 그 배우자(또는 같이 자는 사람)에 대하여 수면 장애와 질병의 인식도에 대한 설문조사를 수행하였다. 결 과 : OSA군에 비해서 단순코골이군이 코골이, 불규칙적 호흡, 무호흡 등의 수면 장애 증상을 더 잘 인식하였다. 또한 배우자(또는 같이 자는 사람)의 경우도 단순코골이군에서 피험자의 증상을 더욱 잘 인지하였다. 그렇지만 증상을 느낀 기간은 OSA군에서 유의하게 더 길었다. 상관분석에서 OSA의 증상 인식 정도는 나이, AHI, BMI, ESS 점수와 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 수면 설문과 수면다원검사 결과 중에서 오직 피츠버그수면질평가척도(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index)만이 OSA의 증상 인식도와 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 또한 치료 방법에 있어서 양압기, 구강내 장치에 대해 알고 있는 피험자의 비율과 선호도가 낮게 나타났다. 결 론 : 본 연구 결과에서 단순코골이 환자가 OSA 환자보다 수면 장애를 더 잘 인식하였다. AHI가 높을수록 오히려 환자의 증상에 대한 인식은 낮아졌다.

Keywords

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  1. Comparison of Psychiatric Symptoms in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Simple Snoring, and Normal Controls vol.80, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000541