INTRODUCTION
The genus Protogeton Mayer, 1903 is one of the 89 genera belonging to the family Caprellidae (WoRMS Editorial Board, 2016). Among them, the genus Protogeton is characterized by having (1) flagellum with 3-5 articles in antenna 2; (2) mandible lacking molar, with uni- or biarticulate palp; (3) pereonites 3-4 with gills; (4) pereopods 3-5 well developed, consisting of 6-articulates; and (5) lacking appendages on the abdomen (Arimoto, 1976). This genus is a taxon with only two species; P. incertus Mayer, 1903 and P. inflatus Mayer, 1903, which are distributed in the northern Pacific and Indian Ocean regions. Protogeton incertus is discernible from P. inflatus by the biarticulate mandibular palp and swollen carpus and propodus on pereopod 3 (Guerra-García, 2004). The original description of P. incertus by Mayer (1903) was incomplete, with only one illustration for mandibular palp. Later, Arimoto (1980) and Guerra-García (2004) redescribed this species; however, the redescriptions were also brief and not supported by detailed illustrations. Therefore, this time, we provide full description of Korean Protogeton incertus including illustrations for mouthparts and appendages and a description of the immature male, especially with the dimorphic character of pereopod 3. Specimens were collected by light trap from the shallow and sublittoral waters in Korea (Fig. 1) and were deposited in the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), Incheon, Korea and Dankook University (DKU), Cheonan, Korea.
Fig. 1.Collecting sites of Protogeton incertus in this study. A, Seodo Port and Geomun Port, Geomundo Island, Yeosu-si; B, Impo Port, Dolsan-eup, Yeosu-si, Korea.
SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNTS
2*Protogeton incertus Mayer, 1903 (Figs. 2-4)
Fig. 2.Protogeton incertus Mayer, 1903. Mature male, 11.7 mm. Scale bar=2.0 mm.
Fig. 3.Protogeton incertus Mayer, 1903, mature male, 12.0 mm. A, Habitus, lateral; B, Antenna 1; C, Antenna 2; D, Upper lip; E, Lower lip; F, Left mandible; G, Right mandible; H, Maxilla 1; I, Maxilla 2; J, Maxilliped; K, Gnathopod 1. Scale bars: A, B=1.0 mm, C, K=0.6 mm, D-J=0.1 mm.
Fig. 4.Protogeton incertus Mayer, 1903, mature male, 12.0 mm. A, Gnathopod 2; B, Pereopod 3; C, Pereopod 4; D, Pereopod 5; E, Pereopod 6; F, Pereopod 7; G, Abdomen and pennes. Immature male, 6.5 mm; H, Habitus, lateral; I, Pereopod 3. Scale bars: A-C, H=1.0 mm, D-F=2.0 mm, G=0.1 mm, I=0.2 mm.
Material examined. Korea, 1♂: Jeollanam-do: Yeosu-si, Samsan-myeon, Seodo-ri, Seodo Port, 34°03′01″N, 127°17′53″E, 17 Apr 2009, Kim YH; 1♂, Yeosu-si, Dolsan-eup, Yulrim-ri, Impo Port, 34°35′35″N, 127°48′27″E, 23 Jun 2011, Kim NH, Hong SS; 4♂♂, 1 Juv.♂, Yeosu-si, Samsan-myeon, Geomun-ri, Geomun Port, 34°01′38″N, 127°18′30″E, 30 May 2014, Hong SS, Kim SH.
Description. Male (cat No. NIBRIV0000416866): Body (Figs. 2, 3A) slender, 12.0 mm long. Head smooth without process. Eye large, round. Pereonite 1 fused with head, suture not present. Pereon slender, smooth; pereonites 3-4 with 6-articulate appendages and gills; length ratio of pereonites 2-7=1.00 : 1.44 : 1.69 : 1.69 : 0.62 : 0.50.
Antenna 1 (Fig. 3B) 0.78× body; length ratio of peduncular articles 1-3=1.00 : 1.67 : 0.80; flagellum 22-articulate, 1.24× peduncle, each article with 1 aesthetasc ventrodistally.
Antenna 2 (Fig. 3C) setose, much shorter than antenna 1; length ratio of peduncular articles 3-5=1.00 : 3.77 : 3.38; flagellum triarticulate, 0.49× peduncular articles 3-5.
Upper lip (Fig. 3D) rounded, notched midventrally.
Lower lip (Fig. 3E) well developed, inner and outer lobes with patch of pubescence apically.
Left mandible (Fig. 3F) incisor 6-teethed, lacinia mobilis well developed, 5-teethed, setal row with 7 setae, followed by 4 plates, lacking molar; mandibular palp slender, biarticulate, article 1 with 2 long simple setae distally, article 2 about 0.7× article 1, with 1 long simple seta apically and 11 short setae subdistally.
Right mandible (Fig. 3G) similar to left one, except incisor 6-teethed, lacking lacinia mobilis and setal row with 5 setae.
Maxilla 1 (Fig. 3H) inner plate absent; outer plate with 6 stout setal teeth (5 serrate and 1 simple) apically; palp biarticulate, distal article elongate, 2.78× proximal article.
Maxilla 2 (Fig. 3I) inner plate with 3 apical and 2 subapical setae; outer plate subequal to inner one, with 5 simple setae apically.
Maxilliped (Fig. 3J) inner plates fused with suture, subrectangular, serrate distally, with 2 robust nodular setae apicomedially; outer plate serrate distally, with 5 medial setae; palp massive, 4 articulate, article 2 longest, with simple seate medially.
Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 3K) merus with pubescence and 9 simple setae midposteriorly; carpus subrectangular, setose, posterior margin pubescent; propodus subtriangular, widening distally, covered with patch of pubescence dorsally, palm slightly convex, with stout setae, proximal projection conspicuously provided; dactylus falcate, fitting palm; length ratio of 6 articles=1.00 : 0.21 : 0.25 : 0.68 : 0.65 : 0.54.
Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 4A) long and slender; propodus longish elliptical, width 0.23× length, palm longer than posterior margin, with simple setae on palmar margin; dactylus fitting palm; length ratio of 6 articles=1.00 : 0.10 : 0.26 : 0.10 : 1.06 : 0.71.
Pereopod 3 (Fig. 4B) 2.35× pereonite 3; basis to merus slender; carpus, propodus, and dactylus roundly swollen generally; length ratio of 6 articles=1.00 : 0.09 : 0.86 : 0.40 : 0.28 : 0.28.
Pereopod 4 (Fig. 4C) 1.38× pereonite 4; similar to pereopod 3, but carpus, propodus and dactylus not swollen; carpus with 1 ventral stout seta; length ratio of 6 articles=1.00 : 0.12 : 0.61 : 0.49 : 0.46 : 0.44.
Pereopod 5 (Fig. 4D) slender, elongate, 6-articulate; 2.89× pereonite 5; length ratio of 6 articles=1.00 : 0.05 : 0.58 : 0.40 : 0.22 : 0.08.
Pereopod 6 (Fig. 4E) slender, elongate, 6-articulate, 10.8× pereonite 6; length ratio of 6 articles=1.00 : 0.06 : 0.84 : 0.49 : 0.58 : 0.57.
Pereopod 7 (Fig. 4F) slender, elongate, 6-articulate, 15.2× pereonite 7; length ratio of 6 articles=1.00 : 0.09 : 1.09 : 0.86 : 1.16 : 0.98.
Penes (Fig. 4G) cylindrical, situated medially, width 0.4× length.
Abdomen (Fig. 4G) lacking appendages.
Immature male (cat No. NIBRIV0000416867): Body (Fig. 4H) 6.5 mm long. Body form general as in mature male; length ratio of pereonites 2-7=1.00 : 1.28 : 1.50 : 1.55 : 0.78 : 0.50.
Pereopod 3 (Fig. 4I) slender, differs from that of mature male; 1.33× pereonite 3; carpus, propodus and dactylus not swelled; length ratio of 6 articles=1.00 : 0.09 : 0.54 : 0.44 : 0.34 : 0.26.
Distribution. Chuen Island, Thailand (Mayer, 1903; McCain and Steinberg, 1970), East China Sea, Korean Straits, East Jeju Island, Western Goto Islands (Arimoto, 1980), Phuket (Guerra-García, 2004) .
Remarks. The genus Protogeton is a taxon with only two species distributed in the northern Pacific and Indian Ocean regions; P. incertus Mayer, 1903 and P. inflatus Mayer, 1903. Protogeton incertus is very similar to P. inflatus and the congeneric characteristics are as follows: (1) mandible lacking molar, palp uni- or biarticulate; (2) gnathopod 1, propodus subtriangular; (3) gnathopod 2 long and slender, propodus longish elliptical; (4) pereonites 3-4 with gills; (5) pereopods 3-4 consisting of 6-articulates; and (6) lacking appendages on the abdomen (Mayer, 1903; Arimoto, 1976). However, P. incertus is clearly distinguished from P. inflatus by the presence of biarticulate mandibular palp (Mayer, 1903; Guerra-García, 2004) and slender pereopod 3 (Guerra-García, 2004). Our immature specimens are in good agreement with the previous descriptions of Mayer (1903) and Guerra-García (2004), with respect to biarticulate mandibular palp and slender pereopod 3. On the contrary, our mature male specimens had swollen carpus, propodus and dactylus on pereopod 3, similar to P. inflatus. This difference in characteristics of pereopod 3 might be considered an intraspecific variation according to the growth stage, and not an interspecific variation.
References
- Arimoto I, 1976. Taxonomic studies of caprellids (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Caprellidae) found in the Japanese and adjacent waters. Special Publications from the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 3:1-229.
- Arimoto I, 1980. Supplements to the Japanese caprellid fauna. I. Caprellids from the Korean Straits and adjacent waters. Special Publications from the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 25:95-113.
- Guerra-García JM, 2004. Littoral Caprellidea (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from Phuket, Thailand. Steenstrupia, 28:159-175.
- Mayer P, 1903. Die Caprelliden der Siboga-Expedition. Siboga Expeditie, 34:1-160.
- McCain JC, Steinberg JE, 1970. Amphipoda 1, Caprellidea 1. Family Caprellidae. In: Crustaceorum Catalogus 2 (Eds., Gruner HE, Holthuis LB). SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, pp. 1-78.
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WoRMS Editorial Board, 2016. World Register of Marine Species [Internet]. Accessed 25 Feb 2016,